5th Form - Homeostasis and Excretion
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5th Form - Homeostasis and Excretion - Leaderboard
5th Form - Homeostasis and Excretion - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| A smooth semitransparent membrane that adheres tightly to the outer surface of the kidney. | Renal Capsule |
| Carries blood away from the kidney after all urea and excess salts and water have been removed. | Renal Vein |
| In the liver, this is broken down into urea. | Amino Acids |
| Controls when urine is released from the bladder into the urethra. | Sphincter muscles |
| Maintaining constant body conditions. Eg: body temperature, blood sugar, blood water content. | Homeostasis |
| The process where a change in the body is detected and brings about events that return condition to normal. | Negative feedback |
| The point at which the rate of respiration in the plant is the same as the rate of photosynthesis. | The Compensation Point |
| A component of a process or reaction that is in 'short supply', so that it prevents the rate of reaction from increasing. | Limiting Factor |
| The pores in the epidermis of a leaf. | Stoma (single) Stomata (plural) |
| A tiny functional kidney tubule where ultrafiltration and reabsorption takes place and urine forms. | Nephron |
| The liquid in the Bowman's capsule produced by ultrafiltration. | Glomerular filtrate |
| The hormone involved in regulating water content in the blood by changing the permeability of the collecting duct of the nephrons. | ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
| A collection of cells that secrete hormones into the blood. | Endocrine Glands |
| An animal that maintains constant body temperature by physiological means (mammals and birds). | Homeotherm |
| Maintaining a constant body temperature. | Thermoregulation |
| When body temperature drops too low. | Hypothermia |
| When body temperature is too high. | Hyperthermia |
| What is also lost when the stomata are open (other than the gases that need exchanging)? a) Light b) Water vapour c) Nitrogen | B) Water vapour |
| Which cells are responsible for controlling the water content of the leaf? a) Guard cells b) Root hair cells c) Palisade cells | A) Guard Cells |
| When guard cells TAKE UP water by osmosis, they become ... a) Turgid and Closed b) Flaccid and Closed c) Turgid and Open | C) Turgid and Open |
| When guard cells LOSE water by osmosis, they become ... a) Turgid and Closed b) Flaccid and Closed c) Turgid and Open | B) Flaccid and Closed |
| List 3 adaptations to the structure of a normal leaf to increase the rate of diffusion of gases in the leaf. | 1. Many Stomata 2. Very thin leaf (short diffusion distance) 3. Air spaces in spongy mesophyll |
| What are the two reactants in photosynthesis? | Carbon Dioxide + Water |
| What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 +6O2 |
| How is the leaf adapted for maximum rate of photosynthesis? | Large SA, Transparent upper epidermis, palisade cells with lots of chloroplasts. |
| What is hydrogencarbonate indicator used for? a) Indicator of glucose concentration b) Indicator of hydrogen concentration c) Indicator of carbon dioxide concentration | C) Indicator of Carbon Dioxide concentration |
| Which part of the brain is involved with thermoregulation? a) Pituitary Gland b) Hypothalamus c) Cerebrum | B) Hypothalamus |
| What does the hormone LH do? a) increases water reabsorption in the kidney b) F: Stimulates egg release(ovulation), M: Testosterone production c) F: Stimulates egg development, M: Stimulates sperm production | B) F: Stimulates egg release(ovulation), M: Testosterone production |
| What does the hormone FSH do? a) increases water reabsorption in the kidney b) F: Stimulates egg release(ovulation), M: Testosterone production c) F: Stimulates egg development, M: Stimulates sperm production | C) F: Stimulates egg development, M: Stimulates sperm production |
| What does the hormone Thyroxin do? a) Controls metabolic rate b) Lowers blood glucose c) Increases blood glucose | A) Controls metabolic rate |
| What does the hormone Insulin do? a) Controls metabolic rate b) Lowers blood glucose c) Increases blood glucose | B) Lowers blood glucose |
| What does the hormone Glucagon do? a) Controls metabolic rate b) Lowers blood glucose c) Increases blood glucose | C) Increases blood glucose |
| What does the hormone Adrenalin do? a) Fight or Flight response b) Female sex characteristics c) Regulates menstrual cycle | A) Fight or Flight response |
| What does the hormone Oestrogen do? a) Fight or Flight response b) Female sex characteristics c) Regulates menstrual cycle | B) Female sex characteristics |
| What does the hormone Progesterone do? a) Fight or Flight response b) Female sex characteristics c) Regulates menstrual cycle | C) Regulates menstrual cycle |
| Explain why proteins and cells are not found in the filtrate in the nephron. | Too large to fit through the pores in the basement membrane. |
| What is the role of magnesium in plant cells? (3) | - Make chlorophyll - Which absorbs light - More photosynthesis |
| Explain 3 responses to Hyperthermia. (6) | - Sweating - increased heat loss through evaporation of water from skin - Hairs lie flat - removal of insulating layer - Vasodilation - blood vessels near skin surface dilate, resulting in more blood flow at surface of skin - more heat loss via radiation |
| Explain 3 responses to Hyperthermia. (6) | - Shivering - movement, respiration, release of heat energy - Hairs stand on end - creates insulating layer of warm air - Vasoconstriction - blood vessels near skin surface constrict reducing blood flow - reducing heat loss by radiation |
| Explain the role of diffusion in gas exchange in humans. | Oxygen from air in the lung diffuses into the blood along a concentration gradient. Similarly, carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the air in the lungs along a concentration gradient. Oxygen is needed for Respiration and carbon dioxide is a product. |
| Explain the role of diffusion in gas exchange in plants. | Oxygen diffuses from the leaf, out of the stomata, into the air as it is produced in photosynthesis. Carbon Dioxide diffuses into the leaf along a concentration gradient to be used as a reactant in Photosynthesis. This only happens in the day. At night, there is a higher rate of respiration than photosynthesis so gas exchange reversed. |
| How is the structure of the leaf adapted to gas exchange? | - Stomata - for diffusion to happen in and out of - Thin leaf - short diffusion distance - Spongy mesophyll - air space, provides large surface area of cells in contact with air. |
| Describe the role of stomata in gas exchange. | Stomata allow gas exchange to occur, carbon dioxide to diffuse in and oxygen to diffuse out, along their respective concentration gradients. |
| When does Respiration occur in plants? | All the time. |
| When does Photosynthesis occur in plants. | Only when there is light. |
| What are the excretory products of the lungs? | Carbon dioxide |
| What are the two functions of the kidneys? | Osmoregulation & Excretion |
| Why is glucose reabsorbed back into the blood in the proximal convoluted tubule? | This is the first opportunity and we want to get all the glucose back into the blood. |
| How is ADH used in osmoregulation? | - Hypothalamus detects solute concentration in the blood. - Pituitary gland will secrete more or less ADH. - Solute concentration high = more ADH released = conservation of water = more permeability to water in nephron. - Solute concentration low = less ADH released = lower conservation of water = less permeability to water in nephron. |