Anatomy and physiology with Scott at Bel-Rea
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Coronet | (Coronary band) |
| Coronet | (Coronary band) |
| Pastern | The joint between the proximal and middle phalanx |
| Fetlock | The joint between metacarpal 3 and proximal phalanx |
| Coffin | The joint between middle/distal phalanx |
| Cannon | Metacarpal 3 |
| Knee | Carpus or carpal bones joint |
| Hock | Tarsus area tarsal bones |
| Stifle | The femorotibial joint (the true knee), involving the joint and patella (knee cap) |
| Gaskin | The shin area between the stifle and hawk |
| Wither | Large boney prominence formed by the dorsal spinous of the theriac vertebrae |
| Girth | Circumference of the horses area directly caudal of withers |
| Coronet | (Coronary band) |
| Toe | Anterior aspect of the hoof |
| Heel | Posterior aspect of the hoof |
| Base Narrow | Front legs are aligned medial (inside) to point of shoulder |
| Base Wide | Front legs are aligned lateral (outside) to point of shoulder |
| Offset Knees (Bench Knee) | Cannon bones are set to far outside of the knee |
| Calf Knee ( Palmer deviation of carpal joints) | Carpus aligned caudal to point of shoulder |
| Cranial | Towards the head |
| Caudal | Towards the tail |
| Rostral | Towards the nose |
| Deep | Close to the center of the body |
| Superficial | Close to the surface |
| Proximal | Close to pint of attachment |
| Distal | Further from point of attachment |
| Dorsal | Back |
| Ventral | Belly |
| Medial | Inside |
| Lateral | Outside |
| Ipsilateral | Same side of body |
| Contralateral | Opposite side of body |
| Palmar | Top Surface |
| Plantar | Ground Surface |
| Sagittal Plane | Divides the body into right and left parts |
| Median Plane | Divides down the center into EQUAL left an d right |
| Transverse Plane | Any plane that divides the body into cranial/caudal parts |
| Dorsal Plane | Divides the body into a dorsal and ventral portion |
| Flexion | Decrease in angle between two or more bones at a joint |
| Extension | Increase in the angle between two or more bones at a joint |
| Abduction | Movement away from the midline |
| Adduction | Movement towards the midline |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Warm-blooded Horses | 1. Cross between Cold Blooded and Hot Blooded breeds 2. "Best of both worlds"- more agile than their cold blooded counterparts but bigger and stronger than hot blooded horses |
| Stride | Measured from the place where one foot hits the ground to where it hits the ground again |
| Walk | Each hits individually |
| Trot (Jog) | Blues style 2 beats |
| Canter (Lope) | 3 beats |
| Gallop | 4 beats |
| Gaited Horse | A breed of horse which, by nature, uses additional gaits other than the four basic gaits |
| "Hot Blooded Horses" | Breeds that are said to be more high strung(i.e. Arabians, Thoroughbred) 1. More commonly used to refer to riding horses 2. Body type is leaner, movement is fairly agile 3.Originally bred in warmer climates |
| "Cold Blooded Horses" | Aka Draft horses ( Belgian, Clydesdale, Shire, Percheron) 1. Body type is stocky, well-muscled 2. Typically refers to working horses (pulling carts, plowing fields) 3. Originally bred in colder climates 4.Often have"feathering" around their hooves/down their legs |
| Warm-blooded Horses | 1. Cross between Cold Blooded and Hot Blooded breeds 2. "Best of both worlds"- more agile than their cold blooded counterparts but bigger and stronger than hot blooded horses |
| Paddling | Outward swing foot flight |
| Plaiting | Hoof swings in and lands in front of opposite hoof |
| Winging | An extreme form of padding |
| Bowlegged | Tarsus is lateral to point of ischium (caudal pelvis) but hoof is aligned |
| Cow Hocked | Tarsus is medial to point of ischium |
| Camped Out | Legs are cranial to point of ischium catting bone |
| Sickle hocked | Hocks are positioned underneath cronial to ischium |
| Varus | Toes point inward |
| Valgus | Toes point outward |
| Windswept | Angular limb deformity |
| Skeletal | Bones and joints |
| Muscular | Skeletal, Cardiac, and smooth muscle |
| Digestive | "GIt tracttube" and accessory organ |
| Urinary | Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Hemostasis | The stopping of blood flow |
| Defense system | Wbc's provide defense from foreign invaders ( Bacteria, virus's, protozoa, fungi, allergens Clotting of a damaged blood vessel (Platclets and clotting factors)` |
| 4 Main types of tissue | Connective Epithelial (Skin) Muscular Nervous |
| Connective Tissue | Blood |
| Normal Blood PH | = 7.42+/-0.04 (7.38-7.46) (7.35-7.45) |
| Clots will not form if what? | If one or more factors are missing |
| Plasma | The fluid portion of Anti-coagulated blood |
| Serum | The fluid portion of coagulated blood |
| Function | Transport oxygen |
| A decrease in RBC numbers | Anemia ( hypotension) |
| An increase in RBC numbers | Polycythemia (high blood pressure/clotting) |
| Function | Hemostasis |
| Decrease in the numbers of platelets | Thrombocytopenia |
| Increase in the numbers of platelets | Thrombocytosis |
| Must have all 20 | Felines obigete caranors must ingest taurine |
| Amylase | = CHO breakdown (breaks down complex sugars into glucose) |
| Lipase | = lipid breakdown |