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1. Time management 2. Accuracy 3. Clarity 4. Courtesy 5. Challenges

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i. Professional Attitude (5)

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APGO Exam - Details

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1. Time management 2. Accuracy 3. Clarity 4. Courtesy 5. Challenges

I. Professional Attitude (5)

1. Reasonable judgment 2. Adequate knowledge 3. Adequate experience

Ii. Professional Practice does not require perfection but needs (3)

1. App of Theory 2. Management of work 3. Comm skills 4. Social implications of work 5. Exp

Iii. Exp req for a professional (5)

1. A) Under grad 2. B) GIT 3. C) PGO 4. D) Supervisor 5. E) Middle Management 6. F) Senior Management or Consultant 7. F+ Senior executive level

Iv. Professional Levels (7)

1. Duty to society 2. Duty to employers 3. Duty to clients 4. Duty co-workers 5. Duty to subordinates 6. Duty to profession 7. Duty to oneself

Code of Ethics Duties (7)

1. Collegial – management treats team as All Equal 2. Team Orientated – Management is coach and sets goals for team 3. Interactive – management consults team 4. Responsive – Management presents a solution then consults team 5. Paternal – management presents decision but is open to objection 6. Authoritarian – Management makes decision then explains it to team 7. Military – Management just instructs team

I. Different Management Styles (7)

I. Statutory Standards are emplaced by laws and acts by the government

What are statutory standards?

Ii. Non-Statutory standards are codes emplaced by Associations and non-governments

What are non statutory standards?

1. Follow codes and standards 2. Be aware of safety regulations 3. Make hazard analysis 4. Eliminate hazards or post warnings

Four code of ethics regarding safety standards?

I. Liability Insurance or Errors and Omissions Insurance

What two kinds of insurance come from the employer's policy?

Secondary Insurance for further coverage and legal fees

What kind of insurance does the Association provide?

1. Eliminate hazard 2. Follows established design standards 3. Follow laws and regulations 4. Follow good professional practice

What are 4 steps that can be taken to reduce a hazard?

1. Identify all hazards 2. Eliminate wherever possible 3. Shield workers when hazards cannot be eliminated 4. Warn workers when hazards cannot be shield

What are 4 steps of hazard analysis?

1. Comply to environmental regulations 2. Use other specialists when not skilled 3. Apply professional judgment 4. Include costs of environment protection in evaluation 5. Disclose information to protect the public 6. Continually improved

What are 6 P.Geo responsibilities to the environment?

Yes

Is a licensed member responsible for software outputs and how they are used?

A. Scope – limitation and accuracy of software b. Validation - tests the software with checks and dummy runs c. Principles – examine and understand software outcomes

What aspects of software should a professional understand?

Property of association and must be under control of professional at all times

Whose property is a stamp?

A. Internal docs, logos, cards, preliminary reports, contracts and checklists

What things should not be stamped (5)

A. Documents released to public b. Final reports, drawings, cross sections, and maps c. Professional analysis and technical proposals

What things should be stamped? (5)

1. Scope – is the work satisfy the scope 2. Accepted practice – are codes standards guidelines and theory followed 3. Accuracy – logical and correct, and proper transfer of information between documents 4. Completeness – work is complete and in order 5. Format – accepted format

What are 5 aspects of the approval process?

Leak info anonymously or personal gain, but to protect the public

What are two things a whistleblower does NOT do?

1. Internal corrections – 1st choice 2. Whistle blow – last resort and requires evidence 3. Resign – in protest but does not protect the public

In order, what are 3 options when faced with unsafe, unethical, or illegal activities?

1. Plaintiff – party making claim or crown 2. Defendant – party defending against claim or the acused

What are the definitions of a plaintiff and defendant?

1. Power division 2. Courts creation 3. Charter of rights and freedoms

What are three features of the canadian constitution?

1. Statute laws – federal and prov gov enacts of legislation 2. Common laws – judge laws

What are the 2 types of law in canada?

A. Damages b. Specific performance – court order to carry out part of the contract c. Injunction – prohibiting court order from Breaching d. Declaratory Order

What are 4 remedies for a breached contract?

A. Mitigation – suffering party must mitigate damage b. No speculation – loss due to profit must be proven c. Remoteness – not liable for damages to far removed eg. Delayed item causing bankruptcy

What 3 concepts determine damages?

A. Performance b. Mutually agree c. Express term – i. Termination clause, Repudiation of no intentions to preform, Anticipatory breach beforehand d. Breach i. Fundamental breach is major and stops contract ii. Simple breach does not stop contract

What are 4 means to an end/discharging a contract?

1. Contract intent vs literal interpretation – Intent overrides literal 2. Contra Proferentem – if contract is not clear, interpretation favor those who didn’t write it 3. Agency and Authority – the professional is given authority by company to guide 3 party contractors 4. Indemnity – one party agrees to bear damages for another party, eg insurance 5. Paral Evidence Rule – law that states any info that is not on a contract has been omitted for a reason and prohibited as evidence, if wanted to be included the contract must be amended

What are 5 contract definitions?

1. Torts refer to a breach of the duty to care, termed negligence, resulting in an injury of loss a. Tort does not need to involve a contract 2. Reason for tort law is to composite victims and not to punish the negligent 3. Its Possible for tort liability and liability for breach of contract to both occur, this is referred to “concurrent liability in tort and contract

What are torts (3)?

1. Defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care 2. Defendant breached that duty by his conduct 3. Defendant’s conduct caused injury 4. Defendant’s breach was sufficiently related or cause

What must the plaintiff prove in tort action (4)?

A. Untrue fact b. Not known untrue c. Causing loss due to false statement

What is innocent representation? (3)

A. Untrue fact b. Known to be untrue c. Causing loss due to false statement

What is negligent representation (3)?

A. Untrue fact b. Known to be untrue c. With intent to deceive d. Causing loss due to a false statement

What is fradulent misrepresentation?

1. Vicarious Liability – Liability of both the company and its workers 2. Concurrent Tortfeasors – when one than one party is liable for a tort action 3. Limitation period – period of time for legal action against tort to be taken place as stated by common law

What does vicarious liability, concurrent tortfeasors and limitation period mean?

1. Defamation – libel (writing) and Slander (Oral) 2. Occupier’s liability – Occupier of Property must provide the safety of those coming onto property 3. Nuisance – Allows the comfort of land

Name some other relevent torts (3)?

I. Quebec has Civil Law but some common laws might still apply

What is different about Quebec's civil code?

A. Sole Proprietorship b. Partnership c. Corporation

What are 3 forms of business?

1. Duty of Fidelity – loyalty to employer 2. Duty to Competence 3. Termination Notice and Severance – reasonable notice and severance pay when employment is terminated without cause

What are 3 laws of employment?

1. Use of a union

What does labour law allow for?

1. Negotiation (voluntary) 2. Litigation (Non-Voluntary) 3. Mediation (Voluntary) 4. Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods (ADR’s) such as Arbitration (often voluntary)

What are 4 methods of dispute resolution?

What is abritration?

1. A patent is a right granted by the gov to exclude others from making using or selling an invention in Canada for 20 years 2. Patents include a. Process inventions b. Machine inventions c. Manufacturing inventions d. Composition of matter or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention

What is a patent?

A. Must be new b. Must be useful c. Must show ingenuity 4. Most Patents improve on existing inventions, therefore one often needs an licence agreement on the original patent

What are some criteria of a patent (3)

A. Abstract b. Specification – i. What does the invention solve? ii. What prior art exists and why is it inadequate? iii. How does the invention work? iv. Is the invention new, useful, and ingenious? c. Claims and Drawings

What are 3 components of patents?

6. Patents granted to 1st inventor to file not 1st inventor 7. Public Disclosure may make it difficult to acquire a patent 8. Patent Protection – allows the inventor to sue for damages 9. Convention Priority - claim for protection for multiple countries if filed within one year 10. Patent Cooperation Treaty – standardized filling procedure shared with 142 countries with a single application filed in CAN

What are some other facts about patents (5)?

A. Ordinary mark – consisting of wrds and/or designs b. Certification Mark – used to identify a standard of quality (ISO 9001) c. Distinguishing Guise – Consisting of shaping of goods or packaging

What are three kinds of trademarks?

2. TM give 15 years of protection in Canada then is renewable every 15 years a. A might not need registering if a TM is established after a length of time passes with ownership via common law in canada 3. If not used for an extended period of time TM may be removed from the register of TM

What are some facts about trademarks (3)

1. Copyright is to sole right to produce, reproduce, or publish a work or part in any form

What is a copyright?

A. Literary b. Drama c. Artistic d. Music e. Performances of work f. Sound recordings g. Communication signals

What kinds of things does a copyright give protection for (7)?

3. Copyright for a work last life of author(s) plus 50 years after year end date 4. Crown copyright last 50 years after year end of publication but documents may be used without payment as long as not used as official versions

How long does a copyright last for?

A. One is allowed to modify a program if for their use only and only one copy b. One can make a single back up

What two exceptions apply to the copyright act with computers?

6. Assignment – Copyright owner transfer rights to another 7. License – Copyright owner allows another to use work but retains ownership

What is assignment and license in the context of copyright?

I. Provides an impartial and non-biased opinion on a case ii. Expert witness should not be paid based on outcome of case

What is an expert witness (2)?

I. A Lien is a claim against the property where work was preformed or material supplied to for improvement to the property 1. Purpose of a lien is to ensure payment for services or products and to enable credit ii. If owner sells property, the new owner inherits the responsibilities of owned liens iii. Until a lien is proven in court, it is only registered and can be removed if lien is paid in full iv. Liens must be registered within a certain period of time upon completion of the prime contract

What are Construction Liens and aspects of it (4)?

I. International Agreements take precedence over provincial or municipal legislation ii. Although International agreements take precedence, one must still adhere by provincial rules and regulations

What are two factors of international law?

I. Environment Site Assessments (ASA) are to be preformed in accordance with the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and consists of 3 parts 1. ESA Phase I – info gathering such as title searches ect 2. ESA Phase II – if recommended in Phase I, dictates sampling procedures 3. ESA Phase III – if recommended in Phase II, describes remediation Procedures

What are environmental site assessments and three phases of them?

I. Form of no-fault insurance that ensures employee is compensated without the need to sue ii. No-Fault means that the cause of injury has no bearing on whether the employee is given compensation iii. Worker Compensation Board (WCB) can collect funds from employers to pay injured, in return employers are protected from lawsuits iv. If worker is hurt on job, he cant sue the employer but is covered by the Workers Compensation Act

What are three factors of workers compensation?

1. Knowledge – of hazards and proper training 2. Refusal – of dangerous work without dismissal or disciple 3. Participation – in worker protection and workplace safety

What 3 rights to employees have when it comes to health and safety?

I. Some discrimination is allowed such as physically ability if job is physically demanding ii. Privacy Legislation governs personal info of worker but not personal info of corporations

Human rights and privasy legislation (2)

I. Ethical Theory invokes the concept of Happiness

What is the role of ethics in society?

Treat other how you’d like to be treated

What is the golden rule of ethics?

1. Mill’s Utilitarianism – Correct choice provide max benefit for max amount of people 2. Kant’s Formalism or Duty – Correct Choice is one where everyone follows an ethical route, which is highly process focused and doesn’t allow for white lies 3. Locke’s rights ethics – correct choice is one that doesn’t infringe on anyone’s basic rights 4. Aristotle’s virtue ethics – correct choice is a balance or happy medium

What are the 4 classical theories in ethics?

1. Society – the duty to the public is paramount to all others 2. Employers 3. Clients 4. Colleagues 5. Employees or subordinates 6. Profession 7. Oneself

What are the 7 duties (to whom) of professional ethics?

1. Heath, safety and welfare of public is paramount 2. Competence and knowledge of work – refuse unfamiliar work 3. Act with integrity, honesty, fairness and objectivity 4. Know and comply with status, regulations, and by-laws 5. Enhance honesty, dignity and reputation of the profession

Ethical Behaviour has five sub parts:

1. Ethical Issues – identify main ethical problem 2. Generate alternatives – find solution not yet provided 3. Analysis – evaluate all solutions with respect to fairness, COE and Ethical Theories 4. Decision – Choose the least negative alternative

What acronym should be used for solving dilemmas (EGAD?)

1. Over-ruling technical recommendations – Formally make your recommendation known than stand back unless illegal or unethical 2. Illegal activates – refuse and provide an alternative 3. Breaching COE – refuse and provide an alternative 4. Conflict of Interest – announce the all interest and conflicts, if blatant step down

What are some common issues and dilemmas faced in geoscience (4)?

1. Recognize and gather info (5Ws) 2. Define the ethical problem 3. Find alternative solutions 4. Evaluate alternatives using the law, COE, and ethical theories 5. Choose optimum or repeat 6. Implement best solution

What are 6 steps to use as a method for making ethical decisions?

1. Practice of Geoscience: Perform activity requiring knowledge, understanding and application of geoscience safeguard welfare of public, life, health property and environment

Definition of the APGO Act

1. No practice without membership a. Does not apply to surveyors or engineers 2. Corporation not do geoscience work without certificate of authorization a. Does not apply to partnership where one or more are members 3. Don’t use P.Geo unless a member 4. Do not stamp if you are not member unless member wants you to stamp 5. Fine of 25000 for first offence and 50,000 for second offence

What are some prohibitions for practicing geoscience based on APGO act? (5)

1. Registration approved if qualified 2. Registration committee can vary or remove conditions on membership 3. Registration can be revoked if commit crime that would be against law in Canada, failing to comply with act, remonstrated professional negligence; appeal possible

What are 3 factors of registration and membership in APGO?

1. Organization that provides geoscience work or employs geoscientists; registration committee can revoke or limit certificates

What is an APGO certificate of authorization?

1. Complaints committee can investigate conduct 2. Employee of association can be appointed to investigate 3. Investigator shall produce evidence, demand documents, and remove documents; can go into land or business without warrant for issues but cannot go to private property unless have wrrant or invited in a. Warrant issued if investigator prevented from investigating b. Will give company a heads up if investigating without a warrant c. Do not destroy or hide relevant info d. Can be fined 10-20,000 dollats

What are some facts about investigations and disciplinary proceedings in the APGO act? (3)

In the context of the APGO act?

Lack of knowledge, skill or care for the public; same goes for certificate holders

What is professional incompetence in the context of the APGO act?

A. Miscounduct, competent issue with certificate holder b. Can suspend registration, vary or impose terms, direct member to return money, etc. c. Decision can be appealed

What would cause disciplinary proceedings to be initiated in the APGO act?

A. Regulate geoscience b. Govern its members c. Maintain standards d. Public awareness e. Mobility of membership

What are the objectives of the APGO (5)?

To protect public interest

What is the main duty of APGO?

A. Establish joint board b. Make reciprocal agreements c. Council of APGO is 20 members , 25% nor part of association d. President, VP and past president council members by virtue of office e. Only permanent committees is registration, complaints and discipline f. Can select registrar from existing members g. Council give report to minister each year

What powers does the Association have? (7)

1. Need qualified person (ethics, education and experience aka registered with organization, educated and 5 years experience and expertise/relevant experience on commodity, deposit type) a. Comply, CIM definition standards, communicate, conduct, check disclosure 2. Standards 3. best practices, and technical report

What kind of person can write a 43-101?

1. Signed off 2. Clear and balanced 3. Consistent 4. Based on reasonable assumptions 5. Unbiased and identifies potential risks and uncertainties

What IS a 43-101? (5)

1. Guarantee of good work 2. Cookbook for mineral estimation 3. Vetting process at regulatory agency

What is NOT a 43-101 (3)?

In general, information posted or linked on issuers website is considered endorsed

What is considered disclosure in the context of a 43-101?

1. Exploration, 2. mineral resource 3. economic assessment 4. mineral reserve 5. production (2-5 all generate official reports)

What are the 5 stages of a mineral resource project?

1. Title 2. Date and Sig page 3. Table of Contents 4. Illustrations 5. Summary 6. Intro 7. Reliance on other experts (aka persons who wrote report)

What are the first 7 sections of the 43-101?

7. Reliance on other experts (aka persons who wrote report) 8. Property description and location 9. Access, Climate, Local resources, infrastructure and Physiography 10. History 11. Geological Setting and Mineralization 12. Deposit Types 13. Exploration work done 14. Drilling done

What are sections 8-14 of the 43-101?

15. Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security 16. Data Verification 17. Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing 18. Mineral Resource Estimates 19. Mineral Reserve Estimates 20. Mining Methods 21. Recovery Methods

What are sections 15-21 of the 43-101?

22. Project Infrastructure 23. Market Studies and Contracts 24. Environmental Studies, Permitting and Social or Community Impact 25. Capital and Operating Costs 26. Economic Analysis 27. Adjacent Properties 28. Other Relevant Data and Information

What are sections 22-28 of the 43-101?

29. Interpretations 30. Recommendations 31. References

What are sections 29-31 of the 43-101(last sections?)

I. Enforcement involves the unlicensed and Discipline involves licensed members

What is the difference between enforcement and discipline?

1. Practice without a licence 2. Use falsely a title, eg P. Geo 3. Use a stamp or seal 4. Offers licenced services without a Certificate of Authorization or Permit to Practice

What activities would cause a non member to experience enforcement>

Iii. The Complaints Committee investigate the conduct of a member, and may take the matter to the Discipline Committee if further action is needed

What are the responsibilities of the complaints comittee?

A. Professional misconduct b. Negligence c. Incompetence d. Corruption e. Breach of code of ethics f. Physical/mental incompetence g. Conviction (serious offence)

What actions might cause a member to undergo discipline (7)

1. Gather evidence 2. Investigation and peer review 3. Hearings

What are the three phases of the disciplinary process?

1. Registrar a. Attempt to settle by education or with aid of a mediator 2. Investigative Committee a. Reviews the agreement made with the registrar Otherwise enact a preliminary investigation b. If warranted refer the matter to the discipline committee 3. Discipline Committee a. Hold a formal hearing and Impose fines, restrictions, as above

What order of events occurs when a complaint is registered to the Association (3)?

1. One representative makes the determination of guilt or innocence and the result has no appeal. Both parties agree to the outcome

What is a stipulated order?

I. The Association randomly inspects the reported CPD of a small sample size each year

How often does the association inspect the reported Continued Professional Development?

I. Any Firm (companies, partnerships, corporations) offering services to the public must have a Permit to Practice

What organisations must have a permit to practice?

1. The Permit to Practice requires the following Responsibilities a. Corporate – the CEO must maintain the organizational structure and has overall responsibility b. Responsibility Member – a Senior member must be responsible for direction and supervision of professional practice c. Individual member – the individual licensed professional

What responsibilities does the Permit to Practice require ?

I. APGO are to maintain CPD programs with the following measures 1. CPD Criteria – see below 2. Documentation – yearly reporting of CPD activities 3. Compliance – an annual declaration of compliance with the CPD system 4. Review – auditing a small sample population for accuracy

How does APGO maintain Continued Professional Development (CPD)?