cardiovascular
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cardiovascular - Details
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120 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What does arteries do to the blood | Takes blood away from heart |
| Three types of arteries | Elastic, muscular, arterioles |
| What does veins do to blood | Takes blood to the heart |
| Three types of veins | Venules, small, medium, and large veins |
| What can capillaries do | Can exchange substances with tissue |
| What type of vessels are large and small veins and what do they do | Capacitance vessels, storage of blood |
| What type of vessels are capillaries and what do they do | Exchange vessels, exchange of nutrients, gases and waste with tissue |
| What type of vessels are arterioles and what do they do | Resistance vessels, they constrict and dialte to adjust blood pressure |
| What type of vessels are muscular arteries and what does it do | Distributing vessels,constrict and dialte to adjust blood pressure |
| What continuous passage does the muscular arteris have | From heart to blood vessels to tissue back to blood vessel and to heart |
| Elastic arteries have what type of vessels | Conducting vessles for blood pressure |
| Characteristics of continuous capillary | Least permeable and most common, no gaps between endothelial cells |
| Continuous capillary is most common in | Skin and muscle |
| Fenestrated capillary are | Large fenestrations increase permeabillity and are permeable to large molecules |
| What special location does fenestrated capillary occur | Kidney and small intestines |
| Fenestrations are | Pores |
| Sinusoidal capillary occurs in special locations like | Liver, bone marrow, spleen, endocrine glands |
| Sinusoidal capillary allows... | Passage of large molecules and cells |
| What are the structures of capillary beds | Metarteriole (scattered smooth muscles), thoroughfare channels |
| What are three tunics that can be found in blood vessels | Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa (adventitia) |
| What does the endothelium line in the tunica intima | Surface of the lumen |
| What type of tissue is the endothelium | Simple squamous epithelium |
| What type of membrane is the tunica intima in the arteries | Internal elastic membrane |
| What type of muscle is the tunica media | Smooth muscle |
| Does tunica media have external elastic membrane | In some arteries |
| What does the sympathetic vasomotor nerve fibers control and what does it cause in the tunica media | Controls smooth muscles, causing vasocontriction and vasodilation |
| In the tunica externa or adventita, what is vasa vasorum | Blood vessles that nourish blood vessels |
| What type of layer is the tunica intima | Endothelium subendothelial layer |
| What type of fibers does tunica externa have | Collegen fibers |
| What makes veins different from arteries | Veins have a larger lumen and less elastic tissue which makes it collapse more easily |
| Elastic arteries, another name is | Conducting arteries |
| Characteristics for elastic arteries | Has more elastic fibers less muscle, dont contrict or dilate but recoiled when strectched |
| What size is the muscular arteries | Medium to small |
| Do muscular arteries constrict and dilate, if so for what | Yes, to regulate flow of blood to different area |
| Small muscular arteries are specially adapted for what | Vasodilation and vasoconstriction |
| Arterioles can | Vasoconstrict and vasodilate |
| What type of exchange can occur in venules and with what | Nutrient exchange with tissue |
| Small veins have | 0.2-0.3 mm size of larger vessels |
| Larger small veins contains.... made by what | Valves made by endothelium |
| Medium and large veins contains | Valves made by endothelium |
| What does portal veins do | Connect capillary networks |
| What does hepatic portal veins do | Carry blood from gastoinestinal and spleen to dilated sinous capillaries in liver |
| Hypothalmohypophysical portal system does what | Carries blood from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary |
| When aging or arteries happen where does the changes occur | Aorta, carotids, and coronary arteries |
| What is arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries creating resistance to blood flow and increasing blood pressure |
| What does pre capillary sphincters do | Regulate blood flow |
| Atherosclerosis is | A form of arteriosclerosis |
| What forms plaque in atherosclerosis | Deposit of material in walls of arteries |
| What are plaque made of | Lipids, calcium deposit, smooth muscle cells, and WBC'S |
| What can occur in atherosclerosis | Thrombosis and ebolism |
| Thrombosis and embolism are both | Blood clots |
| What is blood pressure | Measure of force blood exerts against walls of blood vessels |
| What is pressure measured in | Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) |
| What measures blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer |
| Korotkoff sound is what type of blood pressure | Systolic blood pressure |
| No sound is what type of blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure |
| What is blood flow | Is the continuous circulation of blood in the cardiovascular system |
| What area does blood always flow from | Area of higher pressure to lower pressure |
| The greater the pressure difference | The greater the rate of flow which means the faster blood flows |
| What are facters that affect resistance | Length of blood vessels, diameter of blood vessles, viscosity of blood |
| Diameter has vasoconstriction which | Decreases blood flow by increasing resistance |
| Diameter of blood vessel has vasodilation which | Increases blood flow by dreasing resistance |
| What has the greatest effect on viscosity | Red blood cells |
| Increased viscosity increases what | Workload of the heart |
| Pulse pressure is the difference between what two pressures | Diastolic and systolic pressure |
| What are factors affecting pulse pressure | SV, compliance |
| What is compliance | Ability of blood vessels to stretch |
| Veins store what | Blood |
| 84% of total blood volume is found in what | Systemic circulation |
| 16% of the 84% of total blood volume is found | Circulating through the heart and lung |
| 5 % of the 84% of the total blood volume is found | In capillaries |
| What is capillary exchange | Movemen of substances in and out of capillaries |
| What are the substances moved in the capillary exchange | Oxygen, water , CO2, nutrients, waste |
| Exchange of substances between capillaries and tissue are due to | Diffusion and pressure |
| What is diffusion | Substances move back and forth followung a concentration gradient |
| Pressure is | Another means of exchange |
| What is NFP and what does it stand for | Net filtration pressure is the force pushing fluids out of the capillaries into tissue |
| Net hydrostatic pressue equals to | Blood pressure |
| NFP is the difference between | NHP and NOP (osmotic pressure) , NFP=NHP-NOP |
| Which type of pressure keeps the fluids in | Net osmotic pressure, NOP |
| What would cause a decrease in NOP which would also cause what | A decrease in albumin (liver disease, starvation), causinf an accumulation of fluid in tissue or edema |
| What is local control | What happens around localized tissue |
| What is nervous system control | Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation |
| Hormonal control is | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Which organs do local control affects | With greatest blood flow like brain, kidneys, liver, skeletal muscle |
| What does control of blood flow through tissue rely on | Capillaries sphincters |