digestive system hnc/hnd fitness health and exercise
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Mouth | Chamber with teeth, grinds food and creates a bolus with saliva from the salivary glands |
| Oesophagus | Long muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach, walls of the oesophagus contract to push the food down |
| Stomach | Muscular bag beneath the diaphragm, changes size and shape. Gastric juices in the stomach break down food. |
| Small intestines | Duodenum -1st part of the small intestine chemical breakdown of food controlled by the pyloric sphincter. |
| Colon | Compacts waste and pushes it along dietary tract. |
| Rectum | The rectum stores the waste until defecation through the anus. |
| Mastication? | Chewing |
| Bolus | Mixture of food and saliva from salivary glands |
| Duodenum | 1st part of the small intestine chemical breakdown of food controlled by the pyloric sphincter. |
| Jejunum | ½ way down the small intestine. It absorbs nutrients from the pancreas |
| Ileum | Absorbs bile salts from the small intestine. Allows nutrients to absorb into the blood stream. |
| Salivary glands | Produces saliva to allow food to go down the oesophagus |
| Liver | Main function is producing bile for the body. |
| Gall bladder | Storage organ for bile |
| Pancreas | Produces insulin, regulates blood sugar and produces pancreatic juice to breakdown nutrients and adds enzymes. |
| Mouth | Mechanical breakdown occurs in the mouth because our teeth grind and masticate the food. |
| Stomach | Aswell as chemical breakdown the stomach is also involved in mechanical breakdown as it is a muscle and churns the food and enzymes together |
| What is chemical digestion | Chemical digestion is the process of which the body breaks down nutrients with the use of enzymes to make them easier digested and absorbed. |
| What is chemical digestion | Chemical digestion is the process of which the body breaks down nutrients with the use of enzymes to make them easier digested and absorbed. |
| Which enzyme is present | Salivary Amylase |
| Which nutrient is broken down | Carbohydrates |
| Substrate | Maltose |
| Name the organ | Mouth |
| Enzym present | Pepsin |
| Nutrient broken down | Protein |
| Substrate | Peptide |
| What can be absorbed by the stomach? | Absorbs water, cholesterol, alcohol and some drugs |
| Name the organ | Stomach |
| What is the purpose/function of bile | Function is to break down fats and get rid of waste in the body |
| +Substrate to be broken down :starch | End result: breaks down into maltose |
| Subtrate to be broken down: polypeptides | Breaks down into amino acids |
| Substrate to be broken down: tryglicerides | Breaks down into fatty acids and glycerole |
| Substrate to be broken down:maltose,sucrose, lactose | They break down in to glucose |
| Brief description of the innerlining of the small intestines | Villus(fingerlike)help increase the surface area of the small intestine, making it easier to absorb nutrients. each villus is covered in microvilli which also increases surface area. villus contain arteries and veins bringing blood to and from the villi and lymph vessels help transport fats. |
| Brief description of the innerlining of the small intestines | Villus(fingerlike)help increase the surface area of the small intestine, making it easier to absorb nutrients. each villus is covered in microvilli which also increases surface area. villus contain arteries and veins bringing blood to and from the villi and lymph vessels help transport fats. |
| Brief description of the innerlining of the small intestines | Villus(fingerlike)help increase the surface area of the small intestine, making it easier to absorb nutrients. each villus is covered in microvilli which also increases surface area. villus contain arteries and veins bringing blood to and from the villi and lymph vessels help transport fats. |
| Water soluble | Water soluble vitamins are mainly absorbed in the duodenum of the small intestines and go directly into our blood. |
| Fat Soluble | Fat soluble vitamins are mainly absorbed and released to the blood in the ileum. |