Health Promotion and Pregnancy (Ch. 26)
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Health Promotion and Pregnancy (Ch. 26) - Leaderboard
Health Promotion and Pregnancy (Ch. 26) - Details
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133 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| When is the sex and characteristics of the zygote determined? | At the moment of fertilization |
| What is the developmental stage of the ovum in which a solid mass of cells resembles a mullberry? | Morula |
| The morula develops into the ________. | Blastocyst |
| What is the cause of implantation bleeding? | The action of enzymes; breaking down protein and penetrating cell membranes |
| What allows the blastocyst to enter the endometrium and implant? | The secretion of enzymes |
| Where does implantation usually occur? | In the fundus of the uterus |
| The endometrium has an increased store of _______ during the secretory stage of the menstrual cycle | Glycogen |
| When do most spontaneous abortions occur? | The first 8 weeks |
| The implantation of a fertilized egg outside of the uterine cavity is called _______. | Ectopic pregnancy |
| How long do the villi nourish the embryo? | Implantation to seventh or eighth week |
| What does HCG do? | Stimulates production of progesterone and estrogen |
| What becomes the fetal portion of the placenta? | Chorionic villi |
| When is the growing cell mass referred to as a morula? | When it reaches 32 cells |
| The zygote develops two separate cavities: | The amniotic cavity and the yolk sac |
| When is the embryo referred to as the fetus? | At the ninth week |
| When does a simple heart beat begin? | Embryonic phase |
| A drug, virus, or substance that can cause malformation of the fetus is a ________ agent. | Teratogenic agent |
| Which virus can affect all germ layers and cause serious anomalies such as cardiac defects, deafness, and cognitive impairment? | Rubella (German measles) |
| What does the placenta look like at birth? | Large red disk; 8 inches in diameter,1 inch thick |
| The placenta functions as what kind of gland? | Endocrine gland |
| The placenta secretes which three hormones, which maintain pregnancy? | HCG Estrogen Progesterone |
| What is the amnion? | The inner layer of the amniotic sac |
| What joins the embryo to the placenta? | The umbilical cord |
| What is the major part of the cord called? | Wharton's jelly |
| What is the purpose of Wharton's jelly? | Prevents compression of blood vessels Insulates vessels within umbilical cord |
| What gives the umbilical cord a rope-like appearance? | Two arteries and one vein |
| What is the peak volume of amniotic fluid at 34 weeks? | 800mL to 1000mL |
| What are the 4 functions of amniotic fluid? | Cushion against mechanical injury Regulates fetal temperature Allows fetus room for growth Provides for fetal lung development |
| When can amniocentesis be performed? | After the first trimester |
| At what week of gestation can practitioners auscultate the fetal heart beat? | Between 10 to 12 weeks |
| During the second and third trimester, the height of the fundus in centimeters is the same as: | The number of weeks of gestation |
| Decreased fundal height may indicate what? | Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) |
| What could an excessive increase in fundal height indicate? | Multifetal gestation Hydramnios |
| The levels of HCG may be used to assess which two factors? | Viability and gestation of pregnancy |
| The crown-rump measurement is used during which trimester? | First trimester |
| What is measured during the second trimester to calculate gestational age? | Head circumference Biparietal diameter Femur length |
| What does the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening detect? | Chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects, such as neural tube defects |
| When should serum screening be done on the pregnant woman? | Between 16 and 18 weeks |
| What factors are assessed when performing serum screening on the pregnant woman? | Alpha-fetoprotein Estriol levels HCG Inhibin A |
| What do elevated levels suggest when serum screening the pregnant woman? | Neural tube defects |
| Low levels of serum screening for the pregnant mother may suggest the fetus has ________ _________. | Down syndrome |
| What is the purpose of nuchal translucency screening? | Assess the back of the neck for characteristics of Down syndrome |
| At what stage of pregnancy is the nuchal translucency screening performed? | Between 11 to 12 weeks |
| What is chorionic villus sampling used to detect? | Genetic disorders |
| What are the potential risks with chorionic villus sampling? | Rh sensitization Infection Miscarriage |
| The risk of pregnancy loss with chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is 7% higher than with ___________ | Amniocentesis |
| What can be performed at the 16th week and is used to detect chemical or chromosomal abnormalities? | Amniocentesis |
| What is amniocentesis primarily used for later in pregnancy? | Determine fetal lung maturity |
| What is used to determine how the fetal heart rate responds to periods of fetal movement? | Nonstress test |
| When is the nonstress test performed? | At 28 weeks and beyond |
| What is the baseline fetal heart rate? | 120-160 bpm |
| How does the fetal heart rate normally accelerate with fetal movement? | At least 15 bpm for 15 seconds |
| What is the desired response during a contraction stress test? | No change in fetal heart rate |
| Which hormone promotes insulin resistance? | Human placental lactogen |
| What is estrogen responsible for during pregnancy? | Increased vascularity |
| What is the "maintenance hormone" of pregnancy? | Progesterone |
| What shape is the nonpregnant uterus? | Pear shaped |
| What is the shape and weight of the uterus by 9 months? | Egg shaped, 2.2 lbs |
| Colostrum is low in fat, but high in ______ and _______. | Protein and carbohydrates |
| What aids the passage of the newborn's first stool? | Colostrum; laxative effect |
| Which portion of the maternity cycle begins with the onset of labor and ends with delivery? | Intrapartal period |
| Which portion of the maternity cycle begins with the delivery of the placenta and lasts about 6 weeks? | Postpartal period |
| List some presumptive signs of pregnancy | Amenorrhea Nausea/Vomiting Frequent urination Breast changes Change of shape of abdomen Quickening Skin changes Chadwick's sign |
| What is the Chadwick's sign? | Vagina and cervix become violet or purplish |
| What is Ballottement? | Palpating the uterus to feel the rebound of the fetus |
| What are the probable signs of pregnancy? | Changes in reproductive organs Positive pregnancy test |
| The presence of a _________ results in a highly reactive pregnancy test, and may continue to indicate positive results after removal | Hydatidiform mole |
| What are the positive signs of pregnancy? | Palpation of fetal outline Visualization of fetus with ultrasound Presence of fetal heart beat |
| How is the date of delivery estimated using Nagele's rule? | Start with first date of woman's last menstrual cycle, count back 3 months, add 7 days |