Histopathology Finals
🇬🇧
In English
In English
Practice Known Questions
Stay up to date with your due questions
Complete 5 questions to enable practice
Exams
Exam: Test your skills
Test your skills in exam mode
Learn New Questions
Manual Mode [BETA]
Select your own question and answer types
Specific modes
Learn with flashcards
Complete the sentence
Listening & SpellingSpelling: Type what you hear
multiple choiceMultiple choice mode
SpeakingAnswer with voice
Speaking & ListeningPractice pronunciation
TypingTyping only mode
Histopathology Finals - Leaderboard
Histopathology Finals - Details
Levels:
Questions:
102 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Positive in thyroid, lung and neuroendocrine tumors (medullary thyroid carcinomas, carcinoid tumors and small cell tumors of the lung) | Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) |
| Reagent use in cell blocking | Papanicolaou |
| It contains thick mucus | Sputum |
| The ratio of anticoagulant to fluid | 2mL : 100 mL |
| Fluids in cell blocking are collected with | Anticoagulant |
| To enmesh the cellular materials in a clot | Plasma Thrombin |
| At which temperature agar solidifies | Below 50C |
| It makes use of an automatic tissue processing machine that fixes, dehydrates, clears and infiltrates tissue | Automated tissue processing |
| It controls the time intervals in the immersion and transfer of tissue samples from one reagent to another | Electrical time clock |
| It contains the basket carrier, receptacle basket and receptacles | Circular Superstructure |
| It holds the specimen in automatic tissue processor | Receptacle Basket |
| It holds the reagent beakers and paraffin wax baths | Circular Deck |
| Paraffin is change when | There is a presence of odor of clearing agent |
| Dehydrating agent is change when | After two complete loads |
| Lower dehydrating agent and clearing agents are change | At least once a week |
| Clean all nylon parts with | Detergent |
| Reagents and melted paraffin are moved sequentially into and out of the retort chamber using vacuum and pressure | Vacuum Tissue Processor |
| Diffusion of the solutions into the tissue is stimulated by increasing the specimen’s internal heat | Microwave Ovens |
| Enclosed processor that uses microwave technology, vacuum infiltration and “molecular-friendly” proprietary reagents | Continuous Input Rapid Tissue Processor |
| In continuous input rapid tissue processor this accelerate the diffusion of solvents in the tissue | Microwaves and agitation |
| The knife at cryostat is | 120 mm wedge knife |
| Operating temperature in cryostat | 10 to -30 |
| Optimum working temperature in cryostat | -18 C to -20 C |
| Temperature requirement of non-sexual organs | -5C to -15C |
| Temperature requirement of sexual organs | -15C to -25 C |
| Freezing agent in cryostat | Liquid nitrogen |
| Preferred freezing agent in cryostat | Isopentene |
| Fluorinated hydrocarbons | Aerosol spray |
| Use albumin or Zwemer’s chrome-glycerin jelly | In formalinized/fixed tissues |
| Wave for a few seconds, or fix immediately in formol-alcohol | Fresh unfixed sections |
| Place mounted section in a covered coplin jar containing ______ | 40% formaldehyde for 1 to 5 minutes |
| It is routinely used for the identification of specific or highly selective cellular epitopes or antigens in frozen or paraffin-embedded tissues | Immunohistochemistry |
| It detects organism in cytologic preparations (fluids, sputum samples & fine needle aspirates) | Immunocytochemistry |
| The principle in immunohistochemistry | Antigen-antibody interactions |
| Antibody is produced by several clones of plasma cells | Polyclonal Antibodies |
| Antibody is produced by a single clone of plasma cells | Monoclonal Antibodies |
| Enzymes that are commonly use in Proteolytic enzyme digestion | Trypsin and protease |
| Boiling to formalin-fixed deparaffinized sections | Microwave Antigen Retrieval |
| Less time consuming and more consistent antigen recover | Pressure Cooker Antigen Retrieval |
| High molecular weight protein that aids in determining the site of the tumor | Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) |
| Oncofetal antigen present in GIT, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, uterus and cervix carcinomas | Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) |
| Positive in thyroid, lung and neuroendocrine tumors (medullary thyroid carcinomas, carcinoid tumors and small cell tumors of the lung) | Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) |
| Extremely useful in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma | Prostate specific antigen(PSA) |
| 51 kD intermediate filament protein expressed by CNS glial cells, particularly astrocytes | Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) |
| Expressed by cells of neural origin, particularly neurons, neuronal processes, peripheral nerves, sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla and neuroendocrine cells | Neurofilament (NF) |
| Isoenzyme marker that provides a strong evidence of neural or neuroendocrine differentiation | Neuron specific enolase (NSE) |
| Found in neural secretory granules of endocrine tissues and marker for neuroendocrine differentiation | Chromogranin |
| (+) chromogranin, (+) keratin | Neuroendocrine carcinoma |
| (+) chromogranin, (-) keratin: | Paraganglioma |
| Synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts and marker for choriocarcinoma | Human chorionic gonadoprotein |
| Synthesized by normal hepatocytes and marker for endodermal sinus tumors showing yolk sac differentiation | Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) |
| Produced by placental syncytiotrophoblasts in late pregnancy and marker for germ cell tumors, particularly germinomas | Placenta like alkaline phosphatase(PLAP) |
| (+) actin, desmin and/or myo-D1, myoglobin, myogenin | Myogenic Tumor |
| (+) CD68 or FAM 56 with alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin | Fibrohistiocytic tumor |
| (+) Leukocyte common antigen (LCA) | Lymphomas |
| CD3,CD4,CD5 | T-cells |
| CD19, CD20, CD23 | B-cells |
| CD15, CD30, Ig LC and HC | Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Increased expression is associated with greater aggressiveness and higher likelihood of recurrence of metastasis | Cell Proliferation Markers: |
| Direct interaction between the labeled antibody and antigen in the histological or cytological preparation | Traditional direct technique |
| Labelled-secondary antibody directed against the primary antibody is then applied | Two-step indirect technique |
| Another labelled-antibody is used directed against the labelled-secondary antibody | Three-step indirect technique |
| Vaginal aspiration | Glass pipet and rubber bulb |
| Swab smear | Ayre’s spatula |
| Endocervical or endometrial aspiration | Laryngeal cannula attached to a 10 cc syringe |
| Samples of endocervical canal | Endocervical brush |
| Hysterectomy patients | Vaginal scrape |
| Hormonal evaluation | Lateral vaginal scrape |
| Localization of vaginal adenosis | Four quadrant vaginal scrape |