Labor and Delivery (Ch. 27)
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Labor and Delivery (Ch. 27) - Leaderboard
Labor and Delivery (Ch. 27) - Details
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104 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What are the three primary birthing options to consider? | Hospital Birthing center Home |
| What is an LDRP room, or unit? | Labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum room |
| What is the most common reason for hospitalization of a planned home birth? | Failure of the labor to progress |
| What is lightening? | When the fetus settles, or "drops" |
| When does lightening usually occur? | 2 weeks before the onset of labor |
| At what point does the amniotic sac generally rupture? | After labor has begun |
| Blood-tinged mucus is called ______ ______. | Bloody show |
| When do Braxton Hicks contractions start? | First trimester |
| What kind of contractions do not dilate the cervix? | Braxton Hicks |
| What kind of precautions should be used during birth? | Standard precautions |
| What are the standard precautions applicable to child birth? | Wash hands Don gloves Cover gown/ mask with eye protection Sterile towels to drape woman Gloves and gown when handling newborn Teach partner where to stand/what to touch/protective coverings Use appropriate method of suction for infant's airway |
| What are the 5 P's of labor and delivery? | Passageway Passenger Powers Position Psyche |
| The true pelvis is divided into 3 segments: | Inlet Cavity (midpelvis) Outlet |
| What methods can the practitioner use to evaluate the size of the pelvis? | Palpation Pelvimetry Ultrasound |
| Which soft tissues undergo changes to allow passage of the fetus? | Uterine structures Cervical tissues Vagina Perineum |
| The reshaping of the skull bones in response to pressure of the maternal pelvis is called _____. | Molding |
| Name the major bones of the skull: | Two frontal bones Two parietal bones Two temporal bones Occiput |
| How many bones form the anterior fontanelle, and what shape is it? | Four bones, diamond shaped |
| How many bones form the posterior fontanelle, and what shape is it? | Three bones, triangular |
| What is fetal lie? | The relationship of the cephalocaudal axis of the fetus to the mother's |
| Describe longitudinal fetal lie | Spine of the fetus is parallel to that of the mother |
| If the spine of the fetus is perpendicular to that of the mother, it is called _______ lie. | Transverse lie |
| Cephalic presentation is divided into 4 types: | Vertex (between fontanelles) Brow Face Mentum (chin) |
| What is the most common position for delivery? | Left occiput anterior (LOA) |
| What is the second most common position for delivery? | Right occiput anterior (ROA) |
| Fetal position can be determined using which maneuver? | Leopold's maneuver |
| Which position best enables the fetal skull bones to mold as they progress through the maternal pelvis? | Longitudinal lie Well-flexed attitude Vertex presentation |
| Prolonged cord compression will result in what kind of damage to the fetus? | Central nervous system damage or death |
| What completes the third stage of labor? | The delivery of the placenta |
| What is effacement? | Shortening and thinning of the cervix during the first stage of labor |
| What marks the end of the first stage of labor? | Full cervical dilation |
| The maternal urge to bear down is called the _______ reflex | Ferguson's reflex |
| What are primary powers responsible for? | Effacement and dilation of the cervix and descent of the fetus |
| What are secondary powers responsible for? | Expelling the infant after the cervix is dilated fully |
| What are the cardinal movements of labor? | Engagement Descent Internal rotation Extension External rotation |
| What is the longest stage of delivery? | The first stage |
| The first stage of labor starts with _____ and ends with _______ | Starts with regular contractions, ends with complete dilation of cervix |
| The first stage of delivery is divided into which 3 phases? | Latent Active Transitional |
| Describe contractions in the latent phase of the first stage of delivery | Occur 5 to 8 minutes apart; Last 20 to 35 seconds |
| Describe the contractions during the transitional phase of the first stage of delivery | 2 to 3 minutes apart, lasting 90 seconds |
| How long does the second stage of labor/delivery generally last for nulliparas? | 30 minutes to 2 hours |
| The second stage of labor/delivery lasts how long in multiparas? | 20 to 90 minutes |
| When is an episiotomy performed? | End of the second stage of labor |
| For which 3 reasons is an episiotomy performed? | Macrosomic infants Rapid deliveries Abnormal presentations |
| What is the most common type of episiotomy performed? | Midline, or median |
| What are the complications of an episiotomy? | Infection Blood loss Pain Painful sexual intercourse |
| The second stage of labor/delivery begins with ______ and ends with ______ | Begins with complete dilation, ends with birth of the baby |
| How long does the third stage of labor/delivery generally last for both primiparas and multiparas? | 5 to 20 minutes |
| What is responsible for producing oxytocin? | The pituitary gland |
| Which 2 medications are commonly administered during the third phase of labor/delivery to stimulate uterine contractions? | Oxytocin (Pitocin) methylergonovine (Methergine) |
| Why is magnesium sulfate primarily administered? | Seizure prevention in preeclampsia and eclampsia |
| How often should the FHR e auscultated during the first stage of labor? | Every 15 to 30 minutes |
| What does a tocotransducer monitor? | Uterine activity Frequency and duration of contractions |
| What external transducer reflects movement of the fetal heart ventricles ? | Ultrasound transducer |
| Greenish-stained amniotic fluid due to the presence of meconium is called _______ _______. | Meconium staining |
| The apgar scoring is done at ____ and ____ minutes off age | 1 and 5 minutes of age |
| The apgar score includes which 5 criteria? | 1. Heart rate 2. Respiratory effort 3. Muscle tone 4. Reflex irritability 5. Skin color |
| When should enemas NOT be given? | If vaginal bleeding or premature labor is present If presenting part is not engaged If presentation is not vertex |
| What does the term doula mean? | "Woman servant" |
| What are 3 therapeutic concepts to convey to the father? | 1. He is of value and competent 2. He can learn to be a partner in the mother's care 3. Childbearing is a partnership |
| What are the most commonly used analgesics during labor? | Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) butorphanol tartrate |
| What are the potential major adverse effects of general anesthesia? | Maternal aspiration of gastric contents Respiratory depression Uterine relaxation |
| What are the measures used to reduce the risk of maternal aspiration? | 1. Restrict intake to clear fluids or NPO 2. Administer drugs to raise gastric pH 3. Administer drugs to reduce secretions |
| Labor that lasts less than 3 hours from the onset of contractions to the time of birth is called: | Precipitous labor |
| What scoring tool is used to evaluate the readiness of the mother for induction of labor? | Bishop scoring |
| When do contractions normally begin after instillation of prostaglandin gel to ripen the cervix? | Within one hour |
| What is uterone inertia? | Absence or weakness of uterine contractions |