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METABOLISM OF CALCIUM (WK 8) - Leaderboard
METABOLISM OF CALCIUM (WK 8) - Details
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17 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| 2.2-2.6 mmol/L with a mean of 2.4mmol/L | What is the normal range for calcium levels in the extracellular fluid? |
| C. All of the above | Select the complications of a patient experiencing hypocalcemia? I. Intermittent muscle spasm II. Convulsions/ seizures III. Nerve irritability IV. Muscle weakness A. I and IV B. I, II and IV C. All of the above D. I, II and III |
| Usable | 42% of the 2.4mmol/L calcium in plasma is bound to proteins and are usable/NOT usable |
| 30-35% | The usual intake of calcium is 1000mg daily, but only ______ is absorbed. |
| Parathyroid hormone | 10% of calcium in glomerular filtrate reaches distal convoluted tubules and is dependent on plasma calcium levels. Regulation of plasma calcium levels are mediated by ________ |
| Bone reabsorption and bone resorption | Bone remodelling is performed by 2 mechanisms which are ______ involving osteoblast activity, and _____ involving osteoclast activity. |
| Basicallly hormones and vitamin D that regulate calcium homeostasis such as calcitonin, PTH, vitamin D3, estrogens, androgens, corticosteroids, growth hormones, IGF-1 (insulin hormone) | Osteoblasts and osteoclasts activities are under the influence of: I. Vitamin D II. Estrogen III. Parathyroid Hormone IV. Corticosteroids A. I and IV B. I and III C. III and IV D. All of the above |
| Chief cells | Parathyroid hormone is secreted by _____ in the parathyroid gland |
| Answer: IV. I. N-terminal II. Removed by kidneys III. High levels of PTH IV. it is factz, only factz | Select the correct statements: I. C-terminal of parathyroid hormone is the site of calcium homeostasis activity. II. PTH is removed by the liver III. In renal failure, low levels of parathyroid hormone is detected. IV. I love Shi Yen A. All of the above B. I and III C. III and IV (ew) D. IV only |
| True | Antibodies that target PTH hormone of N-terminal part are used in Immunoassays to assess PTH levels. TRUE or FALSE? |
| Bones, kidney, small intestines | PTH exerts its effects on _____, _____, and ____. |
| Ultraviolet radiation changes 7 dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol (VITAMIN D3) | How is Vitamin D3 made in skin?? |
| Osteomalacia: Lack of mineralization of bone (causes soft bones, rickets) Osteoporosis: Osteoclast activity> osteoblast activity (causes porous britlle bones) | What is the main difference between osteomalacia and osteoporosis? |
| Phosphate and sodium | PTH increases absorption of calcium magnesium and hydrogen ions in distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. PTH also reduces the reabsorption of ____,sodium and potassium at PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES. |
| High levels of calcium in plasma. Calcitonin reduces bone resorption (osteoclast activity), and also reduces calcium and phosphate reabsorption at kidneys. | Calcitonin response to high/low levels of calcium plasma concentration? Elaborate the effects of calcitnonin on calcium and phosphate metabolism. |