Parasitology with Angela Swan at Bel-Rea
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| 3 factors of expense | 1)Age/health of patient 2)Number of parasites 3)Kind/injury |
| Ectoparasite | External parasite |
| Endoparasite | Internal parasite |
| Where can endoparasites be? | 1.Most are in GI, mouth, esophagus, sm/lg intestine. |
| Stationary parasite | A parasite that attaches somewhere and stays there. |
| Periodic parasite | A parasite that stays on/off the host during part of its lifecycle |
| Permanent Parasite | A parasite that stays on host all the time |
| Obligate Parasite | Must live as a parasite. |
| Facultative | Involves 2 generations of parasites |
| HOST | A general term used to refer to the animal a parasite lives on or in at any given time |
| Aberrant parasite | An ectopic parasite |
| Pseudo parasite | Something that looks like a parasite but isn't. |
| Final or definitive | Harbors adult stage-every parasite MUST HAVE DEFINITIVE/FINAL Host. |
| Transport or Paratenic | An unnecessary, but convenient animal that harbors carval stage of a parasite(unnecessary for completion of it's lifecycle |
| Intermediate | Animal that harbors a larval stage & is necessary to the parasite in completion of it's lifecycle. |
| Host specific | All Parasites are in this, but can be divided into: Singular: only one animal will harbor adult stage Plural more than one animal can harbor adult stage |
| Direct lifecycle | Parasite does not need the use of an intermediate host-but can use a paratenic. DOES NOT USE INTERMEDIATE |
| Indirect lifecycle | A life cycle that MUST make USE of an INTERMEDIATE Host |
| Typical lifecycle of a parasite or protozoa | Egg/Ova---note: protozoans produce cysts NOT eggs Larva--All parasites have at least one larval stage Adult---The stage that cause an infestation |
| Infestation | Establishment of a parasite within or upon host Understand that final host "harbors" the adult stage |
| Routes of infestation | How the parasite enters the host. This is at the point the parasite has reached the "infective stage" Can be either the egg/ova cyst or larva |
| Prepatent period(PPP) | Time it takes for parasite to become reproductivity mature |
| Egg or Ova | The first growth stage of a parasite |
| What is the difference between eggs/ova or cysts? | 1.Size of egg usually larger than that of a cyst. 2.Cysts have a thinner wall, while ova are thicker 3.Cysts tend to be filled with fluid therefore more fragile 4.Ova filled with cyto plasm, nucleus, etc(extra) |
| Larva | The growth stage following the egg or ova stage. A microscopic "baby worm" Larval stage |
| Operculum | Operculum and indentation of protrusion on one or both ends oval shaped eggs/ova |
| Public Health Significance (PHS) | Damage a parasite has the potential of doing to the public (only what to do to PEOPLE) |
| Pathology/ Pathogenicity | The damage that a parasite is capable of producing to it's host. |
| Morphology | Study of shape |
| Motility | Movement |
| Coprophagy | Ingestion of feces |
| Reproduction | Sex organs 1.Hermaphroditic 2.Monecious 3.Dioecious |
| Hermaphroditic | Contains both sex organs But neither being functional |
| Monecious | Contains both sex organs and both are functional (1 to tango) |
| Dioecious | Containing individual sex organs (ovaries or testes) and ARE functional (2 to tango) |
| Reproductive categories | Give birth to: Oviparous Ovoviviparous viviparous |
| Oviparous | Production of ova within the parasite, which pass out of the parasite & into the host, then out of the host as OVA- most common |
| Ovoviviparous | Production of ova within the parasite that pass into the host as ova, then hatch into larvae and pass out of the host as Larvae |
| Viva parous | Production of an ova within the parasite which hatch into larvae within parasite, pass into the host and the out of host as larvae (larviparous) |
| Parasitiasis | Parasite on host and is potentially pathogenic, but animals exhibits no outward signs |
| Harm by Parasites/Protozoans | 1. Absorbing food intended for the host 2. Sucking blood or lymph a. ticks 3. Feeding on the tissue of the host 4. Causing mechanical obstruction or pressure 5. Causing growth of nodules or tumors and preparing tissues or vessels 6. Causing wounds thru which infestation can occur 7. Destruction of tissue 8. Irritation 9. Transmitting some infections d2's such as malaria, viruses, blood protozoa,etc 10.Secreting toxins or otherwise harmful substances such as digestive enzymes, etc 11. Death |
| What are the 3 main purposes of veterinary parasitology? | Locate, Identify and treat |
| What 3 slides may be set up for a routine fecal? | Direct smear, flotation, cytology |
| When preforming a centrifugation, feces are spun at ? for ? minutes | 1200rpm for 5 minutes |
| List the stain used for the fecal cytology, name of each jar, and procedure for each jar. | 1 fixative, 5 1sec dips. 2 eosinophilic, 5 1 sec dips. basophilic, 7-10 1sec dips |
| Where should the condenser be for a direct smear? | All the way down |
| List 2 main advantages to performing a direct smear? | Larvae & giardia |
| What is the purpose of a fecal cytology? | Locate, ID, treat |
| How many fields should be counted on a cytology? | 10 per slide |
| What are the 3 main purposes of veterinary parasitology? | Locate, Identify and treat |
| List 3 ways a parasite gets its name | Last name of discoverer, geographic location, morphology, final host, anatomical location, intermediate host, pathology |
| What is the proper order of Taxonomy? which is written in lower case | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and species |
| What is the common name for Fasciola hepatic | Liver flukes |
| List five larval stages of flukes from youngest to oldest. | Mircidium, Sporocyst, Rediae, Cercariae, Metacercariae |
| Which larval stage of flukes is the infective stage? | Metacercariae |
| Give a brand name for Ivermectin | Heartgard, Ivomec |
| What kind of lifestyle do flukes have? | Indirect lifecycle |
| Common name for Fasciola Hepatica? | Liver fluke |
| What are the contents of jar #2 of diff quick and the procedure for it. | Eosinophilic, 5 1sec dips |
| How long and how fast are feces spun? | 1200rpm, 5 minutes |
| What is the purpose of Lugol's Iodine? | To better visualize Giardia |
| The site of infestation for Nanophyetus? | Small intestine |
| The smallest of all flukes is? | Nanophyetus |
| Which fluke is the most important economically in VetMed? | Fasciola Hepatica |
| What is the diagnostic trait of flukes? | Single operculum |
| Feces spun at ____ for __ minutes | 1200 rpm, 5 minutes |
| What 2 things are you trying to visualize with a fecal smear? | Clostridium and Campylobacter |
| The site of infestation for Nanophytes is___ | Small intestine |
| A tapeworm segment is called? | Proglottid |