PCT FINAL-CARDIAC
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60 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Cariogenic shock | The inability of the heart to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion |
| Myocardial infarction | Death and subsequent necrosis of the heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply; also acute myocardial infarction. (AMI). |
| Angina | Chest pain that results that result when the blood supply oxygen demands exceed the hearts |
| Pulmonary edema | A condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe |
| L sided heart failure | The L ventricle is not pumping effectively he this prevents your BODY from getting enough oxygen-rich blood. The blood backs up into your lungs |
| R sided heart failure | The R ventricle is not pumping blood to the lungs as well as normal. |
| Pulmonary embolism | Partial or full blockage of the pulmonary artery by a clot |
| Pulses paradoxes | Drop of greater than 10 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure during the inspiratory phase of respiration that occurs in patients with pericardial tamponade. |
| Pedal edema | The accumulation of fluid in the feet and lower legs |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | An enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta that supplies blood to the body |
| Cardiac electrical pathway | Travels from the sinus node to the AV node, impulses are slowed down for a very short period, then continue down the conduction pathway via the bundle of His into the ventricles |
| Hypertensive emergencies | Consider life/limb threats, acquire a 12 lead, secondary assessment of the chest, lungs, abdomen, neck and extremities |
| Deep vein thrombosis | Clot in the veins in the lower extremities |
| Varicose veins | Dilated superficial veins usually in the lower extremities |
| Pulses alternans | Alternating of the P, QRS and T waves on the ECG rhythm strip as the heart swings in a pendulum like fashion within the pericardial tissue |
| Cardiac ischemia | Reduced blood flow to the heart which results in the heart muscle's ability to pump blood |
| Chronotropy | Heart rate |
| Isotropy | Contractile strength of the heart |
| Dromotropy | Refers to rate of nerve impulse condition |
| Residual volume | On contraction, a certain volume is left behind in the left ventricle that is not part of the stroke volume |
| Ejection fraction | Amount ejected on contraction versus total left ventricular volume |
| End systolic volume | Volume pushed into the aortic arch at the end of systolic contraction |
| Pulse deficit | Difference between pulse that is auscultated over the heart and the peripheral pulse |
| Starlings law | The relationship between contractibility of the cardiac muscle and the amount of stretch placed on that muscle |
| Transmural infarction | Entire thickness of the myocardium is destroyed, there is a change in the Q wave |
| Subendocardial infarction | Only involves the subendocardial layer, no Q wave change |
| Cardiac risk factors | Smoking, alcohol, inactivity, nutrition, obesity, HTN, dietary fat, BGL, coke, type A personality, stress, oral birth control |
| Cardiac tamponade | Fluid buildup in the pericardium |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | Short attacks of dyspnea that occur at night and interrupt sleep |
| Which of the following factors would predispose a patient to acute pulmonary embolism | Recent hip surgery, thrombophlebitis, arterial fibrillation, recent childbirth |
| A cerebral disorder due to hypertension and characterized by severe headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, seizures, and paralysis is known as | Hypertensive encephalopathy |
| Which of the following is true regarding management of the cardiac arrest patient(28:2-160) | Generally PCPs do not count pre-arrival interventions in their patient care You can do compressions during the charge cycle of a defibrillator Rhythm interpretations enroute require the ambulance be stopped first |
| Which of the following statements regarding termination of resuscitation efforts in the field is true | The paramedic should document all therapy performed. EMS should notify dispatch.. EMS personnel should consult with medical direction regarding termination efforts |
| When a patient is experiencing severe heart failure he/she will experience reduced mental status and their peripheral pulses will become unpalpable due to | Decreased contractibility |
| Which of the following is typical of pericarditis? | Pain can last for hours and even days often have pleuritic pain, worse on inhalation made better by leaning forward made worse by lying flat, twisting |
| Auscultation of carotid bruits (sound of turbulent blood flow) indicates the possibility of | Atherosclerosis |
| Scenario:. Jennifer wakes up in the middle of the class and starts experiencing left-sided heart failure. Which of the following would you expect to find? | Pulmonary disease hypoxia rales |
| Which of the following statements regarding severe vascular ( a broad category) occlusion disorders are true? | Shock may occur the possible embolus could travel to the brain, resulting in cerebral vascular event ps with prior vascular emergency are prone to recurrences |
| The ability of cardiac cells to propagate the electrical impulse from one to another is known as: | Conductivity |
| Which of the following are typical causes of cardiac dysrhythmia? | Hypothermia metabolic acidosis myocardial ischemia |
| The classic signs of Right Ventricular Failure are: | Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea jugular vein distension pulmonary edema peripheral edema pillow orthopnea extreme SOB with 1-2 word dyspnea absence of pulmonary edema |
| What kind of drugs decrease BP | ACE inhibitors diuretics beta blockers |
| According to the Frank-Starling's Law, nitroglycerine's effects should: | Decrease preload, decrease stroke volume, decrease cardiac output. |
| You detect your patient is suffering from a dissecting aortic aneurysm because he is complaining of | Sudden onset of intense back pain |
| Signs or symptoms of an AAA may be which of the following: | Hypotension abdominal pain |
| The most common causes of left ventricular failure are | MI chronic hypertension mitral valve regurgitation |
| Karri may not be the fastest runner but she does suffer from sudden (flash) pulmonary edema. Your BEST guess is that the following has occurred | Pulmonary hydrostatic pressure is high the pulmonary capillaries become permeable left sided heart failure has occurred |
| Which of the following medications found on the patient's bedside table may indicate they have a cardiac history | Diuretics Digitalis |
| Re-Arrest: In the event a ROSC is achieved and the patient re-arrests en-route, Paramedics utilizing semi-automated defibrillators will adhere to the following sequence: | For sudden cardiac arrests that occur on scene or enroute, the patient should, in absence of unusual circumstances, be treated utilizing the full medical cardiac arrest medical directive |
| Choose the best answer. Which of the following criteria is required to meet the trauma TOR standard? | HR = 0 HR >0 with the closest ED >30 min transport time away. Pt >16 |
| Choose the best answer. Per the Cardiac Arrest Standard, if the patient has a spontaneous return of circulation (ROSC) you should do which of the following: | Put the pt on a NRB @15 lpm if the patient remains apneic or respirations are inadequate obtain VS q15 minutes immediately after ROSC obtain VS q30 minutes if a change in patient status occurs continue cardiac monitoring |
| As per the new STEMI Hospital Bypass Protocol, which of the following are TRUE? | In suspected cardiac ischemia cases if the initial 12-lead ECG does not demonstrate ST-segment elevation then PCPs should repeat the 12-lead ECG. A recommended time/location for 12-lead acquisition is in the vehicle prior to leaving the scene A recommended time/location for 12-lead acquisition is in the vehicle prior to entering the receiving facility |