SCIENCE FINAL - Details

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Transports oxygen, nutrients, and cell wastes.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Breaks down foods into a form the body can use.

Digestive System

Controls internal conditions, growth, development, and reproduction.

Endocrine System

Removes wastes from the blood.

Excretory System

Defends the body against pathogens.

Immune System

Allows body movement and movement of substances within the body.

Muscular System

Controls body movement, thought, and behavior.

Nervous System

Produces sex cells and offspring.

Reproductive System

Provides the body with oxygen and removes gas wastes from the blood.

Respiratory System

Provides body protection and support; interacts with muscles to allow movement.

Skeletal System

Thin, tough, outer covering on the surface of the bone.

Living Tissue

Carry blood which supplies materials that bone cells need. Blood also removes wastes that bone cells produce.

Blood Vessels

Hardest material in the human body, except for tooth enamel. It is made up of "bony tubes." This structure is very strong.

Compact Bone

Makes the bone lightweight. It is thickest near joints.

Spongy Bone Tissue

In the spongy bone tissue of the long arm and leg bones makes new red blood cells.

Red Marrow

Stores fat in the center cavity of long bones.

Yellow Marrow

Muscle tissue in the heart. Found nowhere else in the body. This type of muscle can contract time after time without getting tired.

Cardiac Muscle

Found in organs of the digestive system and blood vessels. They are involuntary muscles, they work automatically to control movements inside your body.

Smooth Muscle

Voluntary muscles are the only responsible muscles for the movements of your body. Bones and this type of muscle work together to make your body move. Pairs of muscles attach to opposite sides of a bone near a joint. When one muscle contracts and pulls the bone, the opposite muscle relaxes. Movement results in the direction of the pulling muscle. Muscles never push on bones to cause movement.

Skeletal Muscle

Units used to measure forces.

Newtons

How can forces be measured?

Using a spring scale.

What is the force needed to change the speed of a one-kilogram object by one meter per second each second?

One Newton.

Resists the motion of a rolling object.

Rolling Friction

Resists the motion of a sliding object.

Sliding Friction

Resists the motion of an object just as it begins to move.

Static Friction

When the forces pulling or pushing one way are stronger than the forces pulling or pushing in the opposite direction. These types of forces can cause an object at rest to move, they can also change the speed or direction of a moving object.

Unbalanced Forces

When the forces pulling or pushing on opposite sides are the same. These types of forces cause no change in motion, even if an object is moving.

Balanced Forces

The force that pulls all objects on Earth towards its center.

Gravity

Force of attraction between any object and every other object in the universe. The greater the mass of an object, the stronger this force. If the distance between objects increases, the pull between them decreases.

Gravitational Force

Takes place around a central point, with an object revolving around it.

Circular Motion

Objects move in a straight line.

Straight-line Motion

A rapid back-and-forth movement.

Vibrational Motion

How to calculate speed?

Dividing the time traveled by the time needed to move that distance.

How to calculate acceleration?

Dividing the force tha's being applied to the subject by the mass of it.

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at a constant speed and in a straight line, unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

First Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the size of the net force applied.

Second Law of Motion

When a force is applied to an object, the object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction.

Third Law of Motion

The ability to cause change or to do work. Is a property of all matter.

ENERGY

The mechanical energy of a moving object.

KINETIC ENERGY

The mechanical energy due to position.

POTENTIAL ENERGY

Stored in the bonds between atoms.

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Stored in the nucleus of an atom.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Moves from one object to another as heat.

THERMAL ENERGY

Results from the movement of electrons.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

All forms of energy can be converted into another, for example, the Sun's nuclear energy changes to radiant energy that travels through space to Earth. The leaves of an orange tree take in this radiant energy. During photosynthesis the leaves change the radiant energy to chemical energy stored in the plant's cells. When you drink the orange juice, you take in this stored chemical energy. Your body changes some of the chemical energy to thermal energy to keep you warm. Some thermal energy is lost to the air as heat. You change chemical energy to kinetic energy as you move around.

ENERGY CHANGES

Energy is never lost completely, it only changes form. For example, If you drop a rubber ball onto a hard floor, the ball bounces a few times and then stops. Each bounce is lower than the one before it because the ball loses some energy as heat and sound. The energy lost from the ball is gained by the floor and the air. The same happens with mass, matter cannot be created or destroyed. Scientist then discovered that energy and matter can be changed into each other under extraordinary conditions. For example, nuclear energy results when matter changes to energy. Because of this new evidence, scientist developed a new law that states that the total amount of matter and energy does not change.

LAWS OF CONSERVATION OF MASS AND ENERGY

A flow of electric charge in a material

ELECTRIC CURRENT

A closed path along which current can flow

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

The space around a magnet in which the magnet can exert a force on other magnets. It is strongest at the poles. Magnets attract or repel because of these.

MAGNETIC FIELD

A large number of atoms with their magnetic fields pointing in the same direction.

MAGNETIC DOMAIN

All electric charges are surrounded by an electric field if the charges are moving. If the charges are moving, they are also surrounded by a magnetic field.

ELECTROMAGNETISM

A device that changes electrical energy to kinetic energy.

ELECTRIC MOTOR

A device that changes mechanical energy into electrical energy.

GENERATORS

When these waves move through matter they cause it to move in a direction different than the wave moves.

Transverse Wave

When these waves move through matter they cause it to move in the same direction than the wave moves.

Compressional Wave

The amount of light that passes through a material depends on the type of material. Almost all light passes through transparent materials, such as clear glass and water. Opaque material don't allow any light that strikes them to plass through, instead they absorb it, like wood, rocks and metals.

Absorption of light

Change in the direction of light when it moves from one material to another

Refraction

The bouncing of light rays off the surface of a material.

Reflection

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