Former real estate agent no education past high school, no professional military service, troops admired him, good teacher and trusted his men, currie's strategy played a key role in Vimy ridge

Sam Hughes

Made his friends colonels, issued equipment that was sub quality and fell apart so that Hughes could make money, Gave the Canadian troops the Ross Rifle which overheated frequently and was terrible in trench warfare, cannon shells poorly made and didn't explode

Julian Byng

Byng was a professional soldier all his life and an avid student of military tactics for thirty years, very good with strategy, informed Currie to look over past mistakes at the Bloody Somme so it didnt repeat itself

Woodrow Wilson

USA president that led America into the war, Leading creator of the League of Nations

Douglas Haig

Believed cavalry charges were the answer to defeating the Germans, General for the battle of the Somme attacked Germans at the strongest point, gained little ground

Kaiser Wilhelm the second

Germanies leader, war started by trying to help Austria/Hungarians in 1918 he fled to the Netherlands

Czar Nicholas

Russian leader during the war

Henri Bourassa

Wanted Canada to be its own country separate from Britain

Halifax

Mont blanc was carrying alot of explosives and it collided with another ship causing an explosion that killed 2000 and left 9000 homeless, Canadians first look into what war was really like

Ypres

April 22, 1915, Germans used chlorine gas to attack, French troops fled but Canadians stayed behind and held position denying Germans the advancement

Bloody Somme

July, 1916, attacked German front line for 5 months, gained barely any group, heavy casualties, cavalry charges used because Douglas Haig thought that was how wars were supposed to be fought

Vimy Ridge

April 9, 1917, Canadian forces attacked Vimy ridge after much preparation, Canada captured import Ridge after Brits and French failed, Julian Byng in charge

No mans land

Space in-between the two trenches

Uboat

Developed by France, Russia, Britain, us, can attack underwater with torpedo's, used to cut off resources from countries, Germans number one weapon

Machine gun

1914, required a crew of 4-6 operators could fire 400-600 rounds in a minute overheated fast most effective weapon overall

Tank

Made moving warfare possible, could go over barber wire and across trenches, protected troops, conditions terrible for driver

Cavalry charge

Charging on horses across no mans land, used by General haig in the battle of the Somme, old fashioned way of fighting

Blockade

Surrounding someplace with U-boats or land forces to cut off its resource supply

Propaganda

Spreading false information or statistics about battles or portraying the oppositions to make people want to enlist more

Chlorine gas

Used by Germans in Ypres, can be combated with gasmasks, urine soaked cloths, or cotton pads soaked in bicarbonate

Wartime elections act

Wives of soldiers could vote, first time women were allowed to vote and segwayed into all women getting the right to vote

Conscription

Meant that every man able had to go to war, the public was furious because Borden promised he wouldn't make mandatory military service

War measures act

Gave the government the power to take away German, or Austrian/ Hungarian civilians rights until the war finished

Supremacy of the seas

The battle for control of the seas between Germans and the British

Union govt

Borden created an union govt to get support from other parties to win the election

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that signified the end of the war and Germanys surrender to the Allied forces

Russian Revolution

The Russians withdraw from the war and have a revolution resulting in the government being overthrown and a communist government starting in Russia

Canadas 100 days

Refers to the sequence of attacks made by Canadian forces in a span of 100 days

Rationing

Done by citizens who didn't enlist, cutting down the consumption of food and resources so the rest could go to the soldiers

Canadian Patriotic Fund

The fund was established to give financial and social assistance to soldiers' families

Victory Bond

You could buy some of these to support the soldiers in the war, appealed to many because it meant that you got money back after the war was over and you could feel like you were making a difference in the war without having to enlist

Intensive farming

The act of using all the crops to farm because it would make more money, but it would eventually run the soil out of nutrients meaning in a couple years crops wouldn't grow

English Canadians

Eager to prove loyalty towards Britain wants to enlist and fight

French Canadians

Believed that they had already done enough for Britain and that the war was Britain's problem not Canadas, didn't want to enlist