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Representative assembly in colonial Virginia, which was an outgrowth of the first elective governing body in a British overseas possession

House of Burgesses

Was interested in the English colonization of the New World to establish a refuge for England’s Catholic population-banned various forms of Christianity

Lord Baltimore

Passed by the Province of Maryland that was meant to ensure freedom of religion for Christian settlers of diverse persuasions in the colony

Maryland Act of Toleration

Was the first king of 1660 Restoration of the monarchy after it had been abolished during the English Civil Wars

Charles II:

Restoration of the monarchy in England (1660) marked the return of Charles II

English Restoration:

Known as the champion of the oppressed, pressed for the elimination of English prison abuses and defended the NA colonies’ right to trade w/ British etc. (1732)

James Oglethorpe

A religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s

Protestant Reformation

Established that enslaved Africans to be treated unfairly- keep them from having rights and rebellion

Barbados slave code

Iroquoian-speaking North American Indian tribe (occupied much of the North Carolina inner Coastal Plain at the time of the Roanoke Island colonies in the 1580s

Tuscarora War

Incorporated w/ Creeks and Seminoles, after the defeat by the Europeans they were driven to Florida from the lower Savannah and the coast of Georgia

Yamasee Indians

A country lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers

Buffer colony

Henry VIII

The theological system of Calvin and his followers marked by strong emphasis on the sovereignty of God, the depravity of humankind, and the doctrine of predestination

Calvinism

Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they were born and others not. John Calvin made this doctrine which was a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.

Predestination

A separate kind of Christianity. After the pope did not allow King Henry the 8th to remarry due to he wanted a boy and his first wife is only giving him girls. Basically he wanted to remarry but he couldn’t so he made his own church. (TOP G)

Church of England

People who left the Church of England and wanted to purify the world with ceremony and hierarchy. Get persecuted a lot so they fled to the new world to continue their belief.

Puritans

People like the puritans who wanted to separate from the perceived corruption of the Church of England and form independent local churches.

Separatists

The first constitutional article made in the original settlements. The first model of democracy and political structure in the New World. Made by puritans and some Separatists

Mayflower Compact

A Colony in Massachusetts Bay and these were mostly people of families and communities. Protestant principles made a society in the area. John Calvin was important and their ideas. Farm families and made a “holy commonwealth”. They gave a moral dimension to American history that survives today

Massachusetts Bay colony

Was a period in the 17th century during which English puritans migrated to New England, The Chesapeake and west indies

Great Migration

Part of the Mayflower compact and was leading role in administration

Captain Myles Standish

Set the framework for Connecticut Colony’s governance from 1639 to 1662. They called for sessions of general courts every April and September, with six magistrates and governor presiding. The orders also had term limits, forbidding any man from serving as governor more than once every two years.

Fundamental Orders

Puritans mad at Pequot and forced them out through bloodshed and believed they did the right thing.

Pequot War

Natives and Puritans tension caused war over trade. Indians sacrifice everything for the war but lost in the end and would be force to move west. And the leader Metacom caused all of this (BLAME IT ON HIM). ALSO BUNCH OF WARCRIMES

King Philip’s War

Was known at the times as The United Colonies of New England and was a confederal alliance of New England colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Say brook (Connecticut), and New Haven formed in May 1643.

New England Confederation

Before 1660, England governed its New England and Chesapeake colonies haphazardly. Taking advantage of that laxness and the English civil war, local “big men” (Puritan magistrates and tobacco planters) ran their societies as they wished. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, royal bureaucrats tried to impose order on the unruly settlements and, enlisting the aid of Indian allies, warred with rival European powers.

English Civil War

Was series of colonies that were formed by King James II (r. 1685-1688). King James II made these colonies to have control over them. King James II revoked the charters of Connecticut and Rhode Island and merged them with Massachusetts and Plymouth and then added New York and New Jersey. He got rid of town meetings, and even advocated for public worship of the Church of England. The only alternative that was given to the colonist was to pay an annual fee for new deeds.

Dominion of New England

The law passed in the 1650s-1660s that English colonial goods must be shipped through English ports on English ships manned primarily by English sailors in order to benefit English merchants, shippers and seamen.

Navigation Acts

A coup where very few died in 1688. James II of England was overthrown by William of Orange. Whig politicians forced new King William and Queen Mary to accept the Declaration of Rights, creating a constitutional monarchy that enhanced the powers of the House of Commons at the expense of the crown.

Glorious Revolution

Used during George I (r. 1714-1727) and George II (r. 1727-1760) to describe their reigns. By relaxing their supervision of internal colonial affairs, royal bureaucrats inadvertently assisted the rise of self-government in North America.

Salutary neglect

Society of Friends, their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an “inner light” and that neither ministers nor the Bible was essential to discovering God’s Word put them in conflict with both the Church of England and orthodox Puritans.

Quakers

Laws that may restrict certain activities on Sunday.

Blue laws

One of the people, along with others, who drafted and signed a document that was used to bind the all the settlers together, to represent the will of the majority of the group and to serve as the first written law of the colony.

William Bradford

Was a former governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

John Winthrop

• A women who was a follower of John Cotton, wo believed that salvation is to be achieved by faith and not by good works. She was also a wife of a merchant and a mother of seven. She had weekly prayers meetings for women and accused various Boston clergymen of placing undue emphasis on good behavior.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan minister in Salem. He opposed the decision to establish an official religion and praised the Pilgrims’ separation of church and state. Questioned the Puritans’ seizure of Indigenous land. He was banished by the magistrates in 1636. Later he and his followers settled 50 miles south of Boston, founding the town of Providence on land Purchased from Narragansett Indians. Later in 1644, these settlers obtained a corporate charter rom Parliament for a new colony – Rhode Island – with full authority to rule themselves. In Rhode Island, Plymouth, there was no legally established church and individuals could worship God as they pleased.

Roger Williams

Was an indigenous Wampanoag chief who maintained a peaceful relationship with the English settlers in the Plymouth colony. He was a grand sachem (intertribal chief.)

Massasoit

Also known as King Philip, he was the chief of Wampanoags. Was the second son of sachem Massasoit.

Metacom

Was the King of England, Ireland and Scotland.

Charles II

Was ab English colonial administrator in the British America. He was also governor in some parts of new York, jersey, Virginia and Maryland.

Sir Edmund Andros

Married Mary II of England which made him the son in law of James, Duke of York.

William III

Married William III. The daughter of James, Duke of York who later became king of England. Once her father passed she became queen of England.

Mary II

Was an English explorer. He is best known for exploring parts of Canada and Northeastern US. Hudson river is named after him.

Henry Hudson

The settlement of the Northern tip of Manhattan Island. Settled by the Dutch.

New Amsterdam

He was an English writer and was also a founder of Pennsylvania

William Penn

People who signed a contract in which they agreed to work for so many years in order to have their trip to the New World paid for.

Indentured servants

Reward for people who paid for imported labor in the colony.

Headright system

An armed rebellion by Virginia settlers from 1676-77. Western farmers vs the government of Virginia. Led to the burning of Jamestown.

Bacon’s Rebellion

The passage taken to trade slaves across the Atlantic.

Middle passage

The rules in which slaves and their owners needed to follow. For example; slaves were not allowed to learn to read or write, they were not allowed to be anywhere without their owners permission, and they could not own firearms.

Slave codes

Founded by people who thought the Church of England held too many Roman Catholic ideals. The pilgrims were a part of this church.

Congregational Church

Allowed for the partial membership of rights given to people not yet converted to Puritan.

Half-Way Covenant

Hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of those accused by people in Salem of being a witch.

Salem Witch Trials

Was famously known to be a colonial, governor of Virgina from 1641- 1652, making him the longest- serving governor of Virgina. He formally had friendly policies with the Native Americans to form an alliance with them for fosting trading, this caused issues by some of the planters which created Bacons rebellion. Nathaniel Bacon was angered at him for not protecting him and his alliance against the attacks of the Natives and took it up with an election to settle the issue.

William Berkeley

Was a Virginia planter and led a revolt known as “Bacon’s Rebellion” against the natives to essentially drive the remaining natives out of Virgina, however because of governor Berkeley's refusal he demanded for an military commission that would allow him to attack Natives on the frontier.

Nathaniel Bacon

Was a rebellion led by Jacob Leisler, a German merchant who led a revolt against Francis Nicholson to take control over the southern colony, which he ruled from 1689-1691.

Leisler’s Rebellion

They were essentially a group of frontiersmen (250 men) in central Pennsylvania along the Susquehanna River. They joined forces in 1763 to defend against Native American attacks after the French and Indian war resulting in no harmony with the natives and English,

Paxton Boys

Occurred in the 18th century and was a battle created by people of north Carolina who sought to overthrow the government from unfair taxes and excessive fees/mistreatments.

Regulator movement

Was a pattern of slave trade from the African coast along New England which manufactured goods like weapons and sometimes liquor in exchange for slaves in the west indies.

Triangular trade

Occurred in 1733 that happened in Great Britain which created taxes on sugar, rum and of course molasses which was imported from different colonies to North American colonies.

Molasses Act

Rebellion in South Carolina led by Jemmey with a group of 20 slaves along the Stono River who called for liberty, armed with guns after breaking into Hutchinson’s store. They marched along the river and died.

Stono Revolt

An ivy league university founded in 1636 in Massachusetts. Also commonly known as one of America’s oldest institute of learning..

Harvard College

Began in America in the 1730-1740's when religious ideas began to change again.

Great Awakening

Conservative Baptists in colonial America that had opposing theological views to New Lights

Old lights

Followers of the new, modern religiosity introduced in colonial America.

New lights

Book authored by Benjamin Frank that precisely details events such as weather forecasts.

Poor Richard’s Almanac

A colony that possesses ruling direct ruling from a Monarch, according to the laws of England

Royal colonies

Settlements which favored the British crown, these colonies were awarded huge tracts of land in the new world

Proprietary colonies

American revivalist preacher, philosopher, and congregationalist theologian.

Jonathan Edwards

Founding father of the United States who contributed to an abundant number of influential creations.

Benjamin Franklin

An Evangelist who was pivotal to the great awakening, due to his robust sermons, which emphasized the importance of a personal commitment to God and enticed moral guilt

George Whitefield

American artist and former veteran credited as the “Painter of The Revolution”

John Trumbull

First African American female writer to be published in the US

Phillis Wheatley

Printer of German descent who printed the New York Weekly Journal, an influential publication that evoked a plentiful number of norms in journalism.

John Peter Zenger

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