Weimar Germany
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140 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Name all the war deaths with stats | 1) 2million men died 4 million injured 2) 600,000 women widowed 3) 763,000 died from starvation |
| How was economy crippled during ww1 | 1) The industrial production in 1918 was only 2/3 of that in 1913 2) The average wage in 1918 was only 60% of that in 1913 3) Debt increased from 50billion to150billion 4) Inflation, Germany printed more money to fund war which led to price of mark falling |
| On 28th sept 1918 which two people told the kaiser that germany would be defeated | Hindenburg and Ludendorff |
| What happened on the 28th of october 1918 | Kaiser lost the support of his army, the kiel mutiny they stopped taking orders from the kaiser |
| What happened on the 9th of November | Lost support of his advisors which meant he was forced to abdicate |
| When was the German republic born | 10th nov 1918 and Ebert became the leader |
| What happened on the 11th of November | Ebert signed armistice which led to German citezens feeling stabbed in the back and also known as nov criminals. |
| Why did the workers resent business owners | Because big armament business owners profitted from the war while their wages fell by 60% |
| Because of the unrest in germany were was the new republic set up | In a small town called Weimar |
| What did the president have the power to do | Choose key ministers and his chnacellor |
| What was article 48 | The president could bypass the democracy and make law by decree |
| Who made political decisons | The cabinet led by the chancellor |
| Who could vote in germany under the new constitution | Men and women over 20 |
| What was the reichstrat | The parliment which represented each reigion og germany |
| What was the reichstag | Germany parliment which was more powerful as itr controlled taxes |
| What were the strenths of weimar constitution | 1) Not one person or party had to much power 2) Men and Women over the age of 20 could vote |
| Weakness of weimar constitution | 1) Article 48 meant president could bypass democracy 2) proportional representation meant that weak coalitions had to be formed in order to gain power and lead Germany 3)German states such as Prussia still held power through Reichstrat |
| Who drew up the constituion | A Jewish man named Hugo Preuss |
| Whats a diktat | An order/ decree imposed without consent |
| Why did France want to cripple Germany | Because previously they have invaded France and also the damage imposed on their land during WW1 and its people. Which is why he wanted to cripple their military aswell so they dont attack them again |
| Who were the Spartacist | A communist group |
| Who were the Spartacist leaders | Rosa Luxemburg and Kiel Liebknecht |
| What happened in January 1919 | The Spartacists staged a revolt in Berlin in hopes to overthrow the Weimar Germany |
| How did Ebert get rid of them | He used the right wing(Freikorps) who were ex soldiers |
| What happened in March 1920 | The friekorps staged a rebellion in Berlin and was led by Wolfgang Kapp |
| What was the aim of the Kapp Putsch | To sieze control and stop the Weimar government |
| Why did the Putsch fail | Because the workers went on strike which forced Kapp to flee as a result |
| Who staged the Muich Putsch | The Nazi party |
| Why did the nazis do this | Because they thought the republic was to weak due to the economic problems of 1923 |
| What did the Nazis do in the Munich Putsch | 1) Hitler marched into a meeting with the Bavarian government and demanded support in November 1923 2) They seized control of the police and local headquarters |
| How was Hitler arrested | The next day he marched to Munich to declare his presidency but he was met by state police and arrested |
| Why was Hitlers sentence beneficial for the growth of the Nazis | 1) While he was in there he wrote his best selling book called the Mein Kampf which outlined his politcal goals and his hatred from Jews and the democracy |
| How much did Germany have to pay in reparations | 6.6 billion pounds |
| What was the response of Germany | Went on strike/passive resistance but France and Belgium just called in their own workers |
| Why was their hyperinflation in 1923 | 1) Germany printed out more money to help pay their reparations but they tied the price of money to gold but they printed out more money than they had gold which resulted in the value of mark falling while prices of goods increased causing hyperinflation |
| What was a consequence of hyperinflation | 1) In 1918 a loaf of bread was 0.2 marks but by 1923 it was 201 billion marks 2) As prices rose every hour they carried money in wheelbarrows 3) Barter system were they started trading goods instead of money |
| Social problems of Hyperinflation | 1) People with savings lost money 2 Elderlies pensions were destroyed 3) Owners became bankrupt 4)People with fixed income could not renegotiate |
| Who benefitted from hyperinflation | 1) Farmers as people spent more money on food 2) People with debts as they were easier to pay off |
| How did stresemann help stop hyperinflation | 1) He called of passive resitance in the ruhrs 2) Set up a new currency called Rentenmark(November 1923) which was tied to German land and had real value 3)In August 1924 the currency was renamed the Reichsmark and placed under the control of the Reichsbank, this stopped hyperinflation. |
| What were the terms of this | 1) US loaned 800million Reichsmark 2) Reparations were temporily reduced to 50 million pounds a year |
| What was the terms | 1) reparations from 6.6 billion pounds to £2 billiion 2) The payments were to be made till 1988 |
| Wall street crash effects on young plan | 1) Germany recalled loans 2) By 1933 world trade had fallen by 60% ridding Germany of any success through exporting |
| Between 1925-29 how much did German exports rise by | 40% big improvement stresemann a g |
| Did the economy recover under Stresemann? | 1)To an extent yes, the industrial production in 1928 were higher than those off 1913 2) Also pensions and health; unemployment schemes were put into place by 1927 |
| Why was the economy not completely secure | Its backbone were based on American loans Unemployment was still a problem Germany were in a trade deficit |
| What were some of Stresemanns international achievements | 1) Locarno pact 1925 - Germany recognised their borders with France 2)League of nations 1926 - set up by Woodrow Wilson and was a peace keeping for the countries 3)Kellogg-Briand pact 1928 - 62 other countries involved, countries agreed to disarm and not use war to resolve problems |
| Even through these succesess, who still resented the Weimar republic | Those who were against the treaty of versialles Nazis&communist |
| Give me one economic way that living standards began to improve in 1924 | Workers wages began to increase while their working hours shortend |
| By 1925-29 how many homes were built for workers | 100,000, but there was still a shortage |
| When was the insurance system introduced | 1927 for unemployment and illness |
| Why was the Weimar republic called the golden age of German culture | There was no censorship |
| What was the Bauhaus school | School for artist and designers, they overturned the traditional ideas of architecture |
| When and who set up the Bauhaus school | Walter Gropius in 1919 |
| What does expressionism mean | A style of painting which expresses emotions/feelings |
| Name a popular German film by Fritz lang | Metropolis - 1927 |
| Name the rolls of women in this new culture | 1) They could vote over 20(90% used this) 2) Easier to divorce 3) 112 represented Germany in Reichstag and there were newfound opportunities for them in society. |
| What was article 109 | Asserted gender equality |
| Name some professions women got into | Doctor Lawyer Teachers |
| What was some economical limitations for women | 1) 75% working in 1918 to only 26% in 1925 because lots of women stopped working after the war or when they got married |
| Independence of women | They weren't reliant on men no more as they had their own income They focused more on leisure than traditional German values |
| The new women | Not everyone agreed with them some wanted tradition back |
| What were the nazis ideal women | 1) long hair tied back / no makeup 2) traditional cloths 3) aryan race 4) sturdily built 5) non drinker/ smoker 6) to marry and have aryan children 7) to believe in children, kitchen, church 8) to stay at home and not to work or go to university |
| What were the Nazis views on women | 1) Aryan with blonde hair and blue eyes 2) Had to look traditional 3) no makeup, hair in plaits, flat shoes, and plain cloths |
| What was marriage law | A loan to newly married couples of 1000 marks and each kid meant a 250 mark deduction |
| What were Nazis views on women and family | - Women were meant to look after the home and bear children - encouraged to be sturdy in their build as it helped with childbirths - Kinder(Children), Kuche(Kitchen), Kirche(Church) |
| What were Nazis views on marriage | - They passed the law for the encouragement of marriage in 1933 because they wanted all women to marry - This gave the couple a 1000 mark loan which was equivalent to 8 months wages |
| What was the requirements of marriage loan | Women had to be out of work, this increased the number of marriages |
| Nazis on childbirth | - they were pro-natalist and wanted women to have lots of kids to keep the Aryan race going - Each child meant a 250 mark deduction from the marriage loan, so if they had 4 kids they were free of the loan |
| The mother hood cross | - another incentive to have kids bronze- 4 kids silver - 6 kids gold - 8 kids |
| How much did the birth rate increase by | 15 babies per 1000 in 1932 to 19 babies per 1000 in 1938 |
| How did the Nazis keep women in the house | -1933 women were banned from having professional jobs - Used propaganda |
| Why did this not fully work though | Women were cheap laborers and employment rise from 2.4 million from 1933-39 |
| How did the Nazis try to educate women | - German workers enterprise - ran classes on how to run home - shools began to teach women domestic skills -from 1937 girls in Grammer school were forbidden to prepare for university |
| What was the volunteering programme | A place where Aryan women could have babies with SS |
| Why did Hitler join DAP | He was angered by the treaty of versialles |
| When did he join DAP | Sept 1919 |
| What did he do in 1920 | He changed the name to Nazi party |
| What was the 25 point programme | Aimed to overturn treaty of versailes to stop democracy and get rid of Jews |
| Who came up with the 25 point manifesto | Anton Drexler and Hitler |
| Name the national elements of this manifesto | 1) Nullify the treaty 2) Build military 3) Lebensraum 4) Aryans only could be citizens |
| Name the socialist elements of this manifesto | 1) Give every man employment 2) Citizens get equal rights 3) Support for mother and children 4) Nationalising industries |
| Who were the SA | Former ex soldiers who hated the Weimar republic and was led by Ernest Rohm |
| How did the SA help the Nazi party | Inflicted fear on political opponents and violence |
| Growth of SA | From 400,000 to 3 million between 1930- 34 |
| What does nationalist mean | For political independence |
| What does socialist mean | For everyone in society to share profits from indutries |
| What was the Munich Putsch | Hitler tried to take over a branch of the Weimar republic |
| When was the Munich Putsch | November 1923 |
| What was the long term cause of the Munich Putsch | 1) More people resented the treaty of versailes 2) Hatred of being stabbed in the back |