Wheat
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88 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is the threshold for insecticide on gout fly? What can be applied? | Eggs on 25-50% of plants at gs12, hallmark zeon |
| What are high risk factors of OWBM? | Still, moist weather above 15 degrees |
| What are the minimum quality requirements for milling wheat? | 13% protein, 250 HFN, 76kg/hl specific weight |
| What are group 1 wheats used for and name 2 varieties | Consistent milling and baking wheats, skyfall and crusoe |
| What are group 2 wheats used for and name 2 varieties | Specialist flours or breadmaking potential, siskin and extase |
| What are group 3 wheats used for and name 2 varieties | Biscuit and cake flours, barrel and elicit |
| What are group 4h and 4s wheats used for and name 2 varieties | Animal feed, hard and soft, gravity, graham |
| Describe the parameters of the EU standard or higher voluntary standard for seed | Varietal identity, germination, limits to seed borne disease, weed seed |
| Where is Bunt inoculum found? What are the symptoms and what is the threshold for use of seed treatment? | Soil and seed borne, dark grey smelling glumes, 1 spore per seed |
| Where is Microdochium seedling blight inoculum found What are the symptoms and what is the threshold for use of seed treatment? | Soil and seed borne, poor emergence and ear blight, 10% of seed |
| Where is Loose smut inoculum found What are the symptoms and what is the threshold for use of seed treatment? | Embryo of seed, black spore mass, 0.5% minimum standard, 0.2% HVS |
| Where is Ergot inoculum found What are the symptoms and what is the threshold for use of seed treatment? | Soil and trash, spread by conidia/ascospores spores from sclerotia, black ergots, 3 pieces of ergot/500g minimum standard, 1 piece HVS |
| What insecticide seed treatments are available? | Tefluthrin and Cypermethrin |
| What is the sowing window for winter wheat? | Mid August - December |
| What varietal traits might be good for an early drilled crop? | Short stiff straw, disease resistance, slow early growth |
| What are 2 example varieties for late sowing? Why? | Skyfall and gravity, good tillering ability |
| How many day degrees until wheat emergence? | 150 degrees |
| How many plants/m2 would be optimum in September? | 200 plants/m2 |
| How many plants/m2 would be optimum in November? | 300 plants/m2 |
| What pre-em herbicide options are available for winter wheat? | Pendimethalin, flufenacet, diflufenican, prosulfocarb, triallate |
| What post-em herbicide options are available for winter wheat in the autumn? | Metsulfuron, iodosulfuron or top up pre-em hebicides |
| When is T0 in WW? What diseases are controlled here? What else might be applied and why? | GS30, mildew, rust, septoria, PGR to boost tillering |
| When is T1 in WW? What diseases are controlled here? What else might be applied and why? | GS31-32, eyespot, rust, septoria, PGR to shorten and stiffen stem, N fertiliser |
| When is T2 in WW? What diseases are controlled here? What else might be applied and why? | GS39, rust, septoria, PGR terpal to stiffen stem, last chance for weed control |
| When is T3 in WW? | GS59-65, top up on foliar diseases, ear disease and mycotoxin protection |
| What risk may become present at GS55-57? | Orange wheat blossom midge |
| What are high risk factors of Eyespot? | 2nd cereal, ploughing, high spring rainfall, early drilled, mild wet winter, heavy wet soils, varieties |
| What are high risk factors of Septoria? | Susceptible varieties, early drilling, wet and windy May and June region (dry easterly regions are at less risk), mild winter |
| What are high risk factors of Yellow rust? | Susceptible variety, eastern regions, early sowing, green bridge, cool, damp conditions, mild winter, humid microclimate |
| What is the optimum temperature for Z.tritici? | 15-20 degrees |
| What is the latent period for Z.tritici? | 14-28 days |
| Describe a typical PGR programme for WW | Chlormequat at GS30, Chlormequat at GS32, Mepiquat + Trinexapac-ethyl at GS39 |
| What spring weed herbicide can be used to control cleavers? | Fluroxypyr + Florasulam |
| What spring weed herbicides will give good BLW control? What chemical group are they? | ALS inhibitors such as Ally Max |
| What herbicide is best for specifically targeting wild oats? What is the latest time of application? | Clodinafop, GS41 |
| What is the restriction around applications of ALS inhibitor grassweed herbicides? | Only one application per crop of a product containing ALS inhibitor for grass weed activity |
| What is the restriction around applications of ALS inhibitor herbicides? | No more than 2 applications in total per crop of ALS inhibitor herbicides |
| What is the restriction around applications of ACCase inhibitor herbicides? | 1 application per crop per active ACCase inhibitor and no more than 2 applications of any ACCase inhibitor |
| What is the best T3 fungicide for activity on true fusarium? | Prothioconazole |
| Name a SW group 2 variety | Cochise |
| Name a SW group 4 variety | Alderson |
| What is the sowing window for SW? | March-April |
| What is the seed rate in seeds/m2 for SW? | 500 seeds/m2 |
| What are the SW pre-em herbicide options? | Pendimethalin, Liberator |
| What timings are fungicides typically applied to SW crops? | T1 at GS31-32 and T2 at GS39 |
| What act stipulates the need to control grainstore pests? | Food safety act 1990 |
| What are the three most common grain mite? | Flour, cosmopolitan and copra |
| When should grainstore insecticide treatments be carried out? | 4 weeks prior to harvest |
| Name a storage insecticide | K-obiol |
| What storage insecticide will control mites? | Actellic smoke |
| What is the threshold for grain aphids/ rose grain aphids at ear emergence? | 50% tillers infested before GS61 and 66% after GS61 but before milky ripe stage |
| What are high risk factors of gout fly? | Sheltered location, low plant populations, early drilled crops |
| What are the best cultural controls for gout fly? | Delay drilling, early spring crop drilling, natural predation |
| What are the best cultural controls for wheat bulb fly? | Early drilling, cover crops until drilling, leave ground uncultivated until after August |
| What is the threshold for control of wheat bulb fly and what can be applied? | 100 eggs/m2 in late sown crops, signal seed treatment |
| Briefly describe the frit fly lifecycle | In late sumer eggs laid in leaf sheaths and larvae feed into the plant centre. Larvae can move from destroyed grass into autumn crop, they feed overwinter and produce 2nd and 3rd generations until autumn |
| What is the best control strategy for frit fly? | Avoid cereals after grass, signal seed treatment |
| What is the best control strategy for wireworm? | Increase seed rate, rapid early growth, signal seed treatment |
| When can Tepekki be used to control aphids in cereals? Maximum total doses? HI? | After GS53, 2, 28 days |
| What pyrethroids could be used on the ear of cereals? | Hallmark zeon, tau-fluvalinate |
| Why is tau-fluvalinate a preferable pyrethroid at ear emergence? | Less toxic to beneficial's |
| What are the thresholds for treatment of OWBM in feed and milling varieties? | Feed: 1 adult/ 3 ears Milling 1 adult/ 6 ears |
| Name a BYDV resistant variety | Wolverine |