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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
unifying principle of biology	cell theory
a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.	Prokaryote (encompasses bacteria)
thick fluid consisting of ions and biomolecules mixed in water.	cytosol
composed of cytosol and organelles	cytoplasm
cytoplasmic structure that performs a unique function in the cell.	organelle
provides the energy that fuels all cellular functions.	mitochondrion
important protein-manufacturing organelles.	ribosomes
selectively permeable barrier that removes waste, communicates with enviroment, anchors cell in place	plasma membrane
enable transport (nutrients, waste), communication with external environment, and attachment to extracellular matrix (	Membrane proteins
the nucleus is bound by a double plasma membrane called	nuclear envelope
allow ions and small molecules pass freely within the nuclear envelope	nuclear pores
interconnected network of tubes and flattened sacs that produces certain lipids and proteins	endoplasmic reticulum
dotted with ribosomes that produce proteins for use both inside and outside the cell.	rough ER
produce lipids for other cellular compartments and help break down toxic organic compounds in the cell.	enzymes of the smooth ER
produce lipids for other cellular compartments and help break down toxic organic compounds in the cell.	transport vesicle
act much like lysosomes to break down macromolecules.	plant vacuoles
folds of the inner membrane within the mitochonria	cristae
consists of filaments and cylinders of special proteins that constitute an internal framework within the cytoplasm.	cytoskeleton
rigid, hollow cylinders of protein for: Positioning organelles– transporting vesicles and organelles, propelling the cell	mircotubules
ropelike cables of protein that provide mechanical reinforcement to the cel	intermediate filaments
thin, flexible proteins that create cell shape and generate crawling movements in some cells.	microfilaments
protein sub-units that make up microtubules	tubulin
Microfilaments are thin strands of protein called	actin
cells with numerous hairlike projections that move cell through liquid	cilia
slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim	flagellum
spontaneous movement of a substance and can take place without an input of energy	passive transport
movement of a substance in response to an input of energy	active transport
passive transport of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.	diffusion
when concentration gradients disappear and therefore diffusion ceases	equilibrium
diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane	osmosis