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level: Module 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Module 2

Question	Answer
The land plants are probably descendants of which group?	green algae
Alternation of generations means that plants produce:	both haploid and diploid multi-cellular organisms
What trait of land plants allows them to grow in height?	Tracheids
How does a haplonic plant population maintain genetic diversity?	Zygotes are produced by random fusion
What characteristics of Charales would enable them to survive a dry spell?	sporopollenin
What characteristic is present in land plants but not Charales?	alternation of generations
What result would support the conclusion that charophytes should be included in the plant kingdom?	The Chara genome is more similar to the tomato plant genome than the red algae genome.
Which feature does not support the inclusion of charophytes in the plantae kingdom?	charophytes are multi-cellular organisms that lack vascular tissue.
What structure is not found in bryophytes?	root
stomata appear in which group of plants	hornwort
The chromosome complement in a moss protonema is:	1n
Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic Tundra?	They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces.
Which life-cycle stage should be most common in bryophytes?	gametophyte
Microphylls are characteristic of which types of plants?	Club Mosses
Segmented stem and slender leaves arranged in a whorl is probably a:	horsetail
What structures are found on the underside of fern leaves and contain sporangia?	Sori
The dominant organism in fern is the ___	sporophyte
What seedless plant is a renewable source of energy?	sphagnum moss
How do mosses contribute to returning nitrogen to the soil?	mosses decompose rocks and release nitrogen.
The production of megaphylls by many different species of plants is an example of ___.	parallel evolution
Seed plants are?	all heterosporous
Besides the seed, what other major structure diminishes a plant's reliance on water for reproduction?	pollen
In which geological period would gymnosperms dominate the landscape?	Triassic
What structure widens the geographic range of a species and is an agent of dispersal?	seed
What trait characterizes gymnosperms?	The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves.
Magasporocytes will eventually produce what?	female gametophytes
What is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, seed embryo, spore, sporophyte?	1n, 2n, 1n, 2n
In the northern forests of Siberia, a tall tree is most likely a:	conifer
Which structure of a flower is not directly involved in reproduction?	the sepal
Pollen grains develop in which structure?	the anther
In the course of double fertilization, one sperm egg fuses with the egg and the second one fuses with ____.	the polar nuclei of the center cell.
Corn develops from a seedling with a single cotyledon, displays parallel veins on its leaves, and produces monosulcate pollen. It is most likely:	a monocot
What structure is not a defense against herbivory?	nectar
White and sweet smelling flowers with nectar that open at night are probably pollinated by:	moths
Abundant and powdery pollen produced by small, indistinct flowers is probably transported by:	wind
Plants are a source of:	food, fuel, and medicine.
In a plant's male reproductive organs, development of pollen takes place in a structure known as the ___.	microsporangium
The stamen consists of a long stalk called the filament that supports the:	anther
The ___ are collectively called the calyx	sepals
The pollen lands on which part of the flower?	stigma
After double fertilization, a zygote and ____ form.	endosperm
The fertilized ovule gives rise to the ___.	seed
What is the term for a fruit that develops from tissues other than the ovary?	accessory fruit
The ____ is the outermost covering of a fruit.	exocarp
____ is a useful method of asexual reproduction for propagating hard-to-root plants.	grafting
What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?	When cuttings or buds are taken from an adult plant or plant parts, the resulting plant will grow into an adult faster than a seedling.
Plants that flower once in their lifetime are known as:	monocarpic
Plant species that complete their lifecycle in one season are known as:	annuals