| The reciprocal connection between the D.M. nucleus of the thalamus and
prefrontal areas may play a role in the coding, storing and recalling of
memory. | Medial Dorsal Nucleus |
| There is a Thalamus in each ________ __________ of the brain. | Cerebral Hemisphere |
| Each Cerebral Hemisphere has (how many) Thalamus/Thalami? | 1 |
| The Thalamus's ________ Nucleus is thought to be mainly linked to memory | Anterior |
| The ___________ Nucleus is thought to be mainly linked to emotional behaviour AND memory. | Dorsomedial |
| The _______ ________ Nucleus and ____________ Nucleus are thought to be mainly involved with motor functions. | Ventral Anterior and Ventromedial |
| The VPL and VPM nuclei are thought to be linked to input from the body and head, respectively. What does VPL and VPM stand for? | Ventral Posterolateral and Ventral Posteromedial |
| Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) and Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) are two nuclei in the Thalamus. Which of them is concerned with somatosensory input from the body? | The VPL nucleus is concerned with somatosensory input from the body |
| Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) and Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) are two nuclei in the Thalamus. Which of them is concerned with somatosensory input from the head? | The VPM nucleus is concerned with somatosensory input from the head (including face and taste). |
| What is the somatosensory (somatic sensory) function? | Somatosensory function is the ability to interpret bodily sensation.
(Sensation takes a number of forms, including touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, itch, tickle, and pain.) |
| The Lateral Posterior Nucleus integrates sensory input and links it with _______ functions. | Cognitive |
| The Pulvinar Nucleus processes what kind of stimulus? | Visual |
| The Medial Geniculate Nucleus processes what kind of information? | Auditory |
| The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus processes what kind of information? | Visual |
| The reticular nucleus does what? | Serves as a sheath to the thalamus. |
| The gray matter of the thalamus is divided internally by laminae of ______ matter into many separate nuclei. | White |
| The thalamic nuclei are functionally divided into two groups, which are ______ and ___-_____ | Specific and Non-Specific |
| Specific nuclei receive well defined afferents and project to specific areas in the cerebral cortex and they include: | Anterior, Medial, Lateral |
| Non-specific nuclei receive input mainly from R.A.S, and project diffusely to all parts of the neocortex and they include: | Intralaminar nuclei, Midline Nuclei and Reticular Nuclei |
| Fill in the blanks | Anterior, Posterior |
| Fill in the blanks | Medial, Ventral |
| Fill in the blank | Lateral |
| All ascending sensory pathways before reaching the ??????? relay in the thalamus | cerebral cortex |
| The VPL and VPM nuclei on the right side of the brain will carry sensations from the ____ ____ of the body. | opposite |
| The discrimination of many sensory impulses occurs in the thalamus. The sensations felt are:
a) acute; specific, refined, indicative
b) crude; unrefined, protopathic
c) variations of (a) and (b) | b)
"The discrimination of many sensory impulses occurs in the thalamus but the sensations felt are of crude protopathic nature
(e.g: diffuse pain, crude touch & extremes of temperature change.)" |
| When does the Thalamus further gate inhibitory cortical feedback? | When the sensory input is very high and the sensory
system is overloaded with sensory input. |
| The _____ ______ nucleus and ______ ______ nucleus relay motor signals from the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum to the motor and premotor areas of the Frontal Lobe to control thalamic functions. | Ventral Anterior, Ventral Lateral |
| The _____ ________ nucleus relays tactile and proprioceptive* signals to the motor cortex. This provides sensory information about position and movements of the different parts of the body | Ventral Posterolateral |
| The reciprocal connection between the D.M. nucleus of the thalamus and
prefrontal areas may play a role in the coding, storing and recalling of
memory.
What is the DM? | Medial Dorsal Nucleus |
| Which of the Thalamic Nuclei groupings is most related to arousal/wakefulness? | Non-Specific |
| The medial and anterior thalamic nuclei make up which one of the two groups of nuclei in the Thalamus? | Specific |
| The reciprocal connection between the ____________. nucleus of the thalamus and
prefrontal areas may play a role in the coding, storing and recalling of
memory | DorsalMedial |
| The limbic system consist of those parts of the brain that are of great importance in | 1. Initiation of emotions.
2. Regulation of emotional behavior |
| The limbic system is interconnected group of cortical and subcortical
nuclei within the brain. It includes both the ______ ______ and __________ _______ ________. | Limbic cortex and Subcortical limbic structures |
| The amygdala is mainly concerned with which emotion. | Fear, anger, anxiety |
| the Septal Nuclei is genially associated with what emotion? | Pleasure/reward |
| The hippocampus is mainly generally concerned with what? | Memory |
| What limbic nuclei is mainly concerned with the "fight or flight" response? | Hypothalamus |
| What area of the brain is the main relay station? | the thalamus |
| What "gyrus" helps regulate responses to unpleasant experiences? | Cingulate Gyrus |
| "The regulation and control of emotion, memory and bodily functions" best describes which:
the Limbic System or the Thalamus? | The Limbic System |
| A closed circuit called _____ _______ connects the thalamus and hypothalamus with the
limbic system | Papez circuit |
| Connection of limbic system with the neocortex enables the neocortex to modify the
_______ ________. | emotional behavior |
| The Papez circuit controls the various bodily responses to _______ reaction | Emotional |
| Emotions: complex feeling states having two components: | Sensory and Behavioral (internal and external) |
| The role of the limbic system in motivation and emotional behavior has 3 main categories: | Feeding response, Fear and Rage, Sexual Behavior and Reproduction (puberty/hormonal cycle) |
| __________ plays a control role on the onset of puberty as well as it contains
sensory neurons that respond to gonadal hormones -> powerful control upon the sexual
function and activity | Hypothalamus |
| Bilateral damage of amygdale will cause what? | Hypersexuality |
| Removal of limbic cortex will cause what? | Loss of sexual attraction |
| Emotional state is determined by the pleasure-anxiety balance between what two brain systems/structures? | limbic system and hypothalamus |
| If the stimulus causes neither reward nor punishment experience, what does that have to do with memory? | If the stimulus causes neither reward nor punishment experience can't be remembered
easily i.e. no transformation into long-term memory and become hardly to be
remembered. |
| Does smell related to the limbic system? | Yes |
