| what microbiology studies | Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. |
| microbiology subdisciplines | bacteriology (the study of bacteria), mycology (the study of fungi), phycology (the study of algae), parasitology (the study of parasites), and virology (the study of viruses, and how they function inside cells) |
| compounds of light microscope | Eyepiece lens, Tube, Arm, Base, Illuminator, Stage, Revolving Nosepiece or Turret, Objective lenses, Condenser lens, Diaphragm or Iris |
| What is light microscope is composed of | mechanical and optical parts |
| what do optical parts consist of | condenser lens, objective lens and ocular lens |
| eyepiece lens | The lens at the top that you look through.
They are usually 10X or 15X power. |
| tube | Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses |
| arm | Supports the tube and connects it to the base |
| base | The bottom of the microscope, used for support |
| illuminator | A steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror. |
| stage | The flat platform where you place your slides. |
| stage clip | hold the slides in place. |
| mechanical stage | can move the slide around by turning two knobs (BUT IF YOU HAVE!) |
| revolving nosepiece or turret: | This is the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power. |
| objective Lenses | Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. |
| Which lens has the lowest power and which has the greatest power? | The shortest lens is the lowest power, the longest one is the lens with the greatest power. |
| list the powers of magnifications found in the light microscope | They almost always consist of 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X powers. |
| which magnification requires the use of immersion oil | 100X |
| list the color codes of each power (if built to DIN standards are interchangeable between microscopes) | red lens = 4X
yellow = 10X
blue = 40X
white = 100X |
| condenser Lens | focus the light onto the specimen. |
| when condensers lenses are most useful | at the highest powers (400X and above) |
| Diaphragm or Iris | Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage.
This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. |
| wet mount | the specimen is suspended (gecici olarak durmus) in a drop of liquid
(usually water) located between slide and cover glass. |
| What is the aim of water refractive index of the water | improves the image quality and also supports the
specimen. |
| differences between permanently mount and wet mount | wet mounts cannot be stored over extended (uzayan) time periods, as the water evaporates. The permanently mounted slides use a solidifying mounting medium, which holds the cover glass in place. |
| label this thing | idk why they gave answer part |
| difference between Gram positive & Gram negative | Gram Positive =
Thick layer of peptidoglycan (multi-layered).
Gram Negative =
Thinner layer of peptidoglycan (single layer). |
| more about gram positive vs gram negative | Lower lipid content (for positive one) & Higher lipid content (for negative). |
| staining difference | Gram positive bacteria have lots of peptidoglycan in their cell wall which allows them to retain crystal violet dye, so they stain purple-blue.
Gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan in their cell wall so cannot retain crystal violet dye, so they stain red-pink. |
| There are three basic shapes of bacteria: | coccus, bacillus, and spiral |
| what is heat sterilization (autoclave machine) | Sterilization is the complete removal of microorganisms from an object or surfaces.
Sterilization is obtained when microorganisms are subjected to antimicrobial agents for sufficient time and at optimum conditions.
Heat sterilization is the most effective and widely used method of sterilization, where the bactericidal activity results through the destruction of enzymes and other essential cell constituents. |
