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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
Network of cells in the body which is the internal communication system.	NERVOUS SYSTEM
CNS/PNS	What does the NS consist of?
Consists of brain and spinal cord. It is the origin of all decisions and commands.	CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Sends info to CNS from outside world and transmits messages from CNS to glands/muscles.	PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Transmits information from receptor cells in sense organs to CNS and receives info from CNS that directs muscles to act	SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic. Transmits info to and from organs	AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Calms the body by decreasing heart and breathing rate, constricting pupils	PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Prepares the body for fight or flight response	SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream and these are carried to target organs	ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Organ in body which synthesises substances such as hormones	GLAND
Chemical substances which circulate in blood and affect target organs.	HORMONES
In large quantities	How are hormones produced?
Hormone produced from adrenal glands. Has strong affect on cells of cardiovascular system	ADRENALINE
Also known as master gland. Secretes hormones which stimulates other glands to secrete further hormones.	PITUITARY GLAND
Relay info between the brain and the body to regulate body processes such as breathing and digestion	What is the role of the spinal cord?
Brain and spinal cord	What does the CNS consist of?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic	What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?
Bloodstream	Where are hormones released into?
Secretes the hormone adrenaline which plays a part in the fight or flight response	ADRENAL GLAND
Releases testosterone which is responsible for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty	TESTES
Stimulatating/controlling hormone release from the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus is the control system which regulates endocrine system	WHAT IS THE HYPOTHALAMUS RESPONSIBLE FOR?
Basic building block of NS. These responsible for transmitting electrical/chemical messages across NS.	NEURONES
Conjunction of end of axon of one neurone and dendrites of next one	SYNAPSE
Process where nerve impulse passes across synaptic cleft from one neurone to another	SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
Them substances playing role in NS function by transmitting nerve impulses across synapse	NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Carry messages from PNS to CNS. Have longer dendrites and shorter axons	SENSORY N
To carry messages across the body	WHY DO SENSORY NEURONES HAVE LONGER DENDRITES?
Relay messages between sensory and motor neurones	RELAY NEURONS
Connect the CNS to PNS and are responsible for muscle movement	MOTOR NEURONES
Includes nucleus containing genetic material of the cell	CELL BODY
Carry nerve impulses from other neurons towards cell body	DENDRITES
Carries impulses away from cell body to the end	AXON
Protects axon and speeds up electrical transmission of impulse. This protective shield is made of proteins and lipids produced by the shwan cells.	MYELIN SHEATH
Segments the axon to speed up the electrical impulse by forcing it to jump across gaps in axon	NODES OF RANVIER
Excitatory and Inhibitory	WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTER?
Send switch on signal to post synaptic neuron to ensure more positive charge and neuron likely to fire and send electric impulse	Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Sends switch off signals so more negative charge and less likely to fire and send electric signal	INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Both inhibitory and excitatory potential	WHAT CAN A NERVE CELL RECIEVE?
Sum up the excitatory and inhibitory input, if mostly excitatory then likely so, if not less likely	HOW DO YOU DETERMINE THE LIKELIHOOD OF A NEURON FIRING?
Dopamine	EXAMPLE OF EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER
Serotonin	EXAMPLE OF INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER