SEARCH
You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

   Log in to start

level: Nerves

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Nerves

QuestionAnswer
Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous systemWhat are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
brain and spinal cordWhat parts of the body does the CNS cover/control?
everything BUT the spinal cord and brain.What parts of the body does PNS control/control?
Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous SystemWhat are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
voluntary - afferent (from senses) - Efferent (to voluntary muscles)What parts of the body does the Somatic Nervous System cover?
involuntary - Afferent ( from things like stomach, lungs) Efferent (to involuntary muscles like gut and blood vessels)What parts of the body does the Autonomic Nervous Systemcover?
Sympathetic - fight or flight response (stress) Parasympathetic - rest and digest (opposite of sympathetic)What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
dendrites, cell body, axonWhat are the three main parts of a neuron?
afferent - sensory nerves, move toward the CNS efferent - motor nerves, move away from the CNSThe difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
sensory nerves, move toward the CNSFunction of: Afferent Neuron
motor nerves, move away from the CNSFunction of: Efferent Neuron
glial cells that support functions of neurons, and help form myelinWhat are/is Neuroglia?
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymaWhat are the four types of Neuroglia seen in the CNS?
help maintain BBB Blood Brain Barrier and scar tissue in CNSWhat are the functions of astrocytes?
maintain myelin sheathWhat are the functions of oligodendrocytes?
phagocytes that help clean out bacteriaWhat are the functions of microglia?
ciliated cells that help regulate/circulate cerebrospinal fluidWhat are the functions of ependyma?
BBB filters blood going in to the brain and keeps bad things outWhat is the blood/brain barrier?
the electric insulator on the axonWhat is myelin?
keeps the nerve signal in the axonWhat is the function of Myelin?
gaps in the myelin sheathWhat is a node of Ranvier?
the space between one neuron's axon and the neighboring neurons dendriteWhat is a synapse?
multiple sclerosis (MS)well-known disease is the result of damage to myelin sheaths?
fluid that fills space between arachnoid membrane and pia materWhat is cerebro-spinal fluid?
schwann cellsWhat cells maintain myelin in the PNS?
they can help damaged axons repair themselvesWhat can schwann cells do that myelin-maintaining cells in the CNS cannot?
nerve signal traveling down a neuronWhat is an action potential?
1. ungated channel 2. voltage gated channel 3. chemically gated channel 4. mechanically gated channelWhat are the four types of ion channels used in transmitting nerve signals?
Allows Na+ and K+ to leak across channel AND it's always OPENFunctions of: Ungated channel?
open when relative chargers on each side of membrane change (during action potential)Functions of: Voltage gated channel?
opens or closes when a specific chemical binds to itFunctions of: Chemically gated channel?
opens or closes in response to a mechanical stimuli like sound waves, pressure of touch, or stretchingFunctions of: Mechanically gated channel?
all channels allow for passive movement via diffusion down gradientDo ion channels allow for the passive diffusion of ions, or active transport?
up gradient via active transportSodium potassium pump moves ions ____?
-70mVWhat is the resting potential of a nerve cell?
Na+ is more common outsideA neuron at rest, are Na+ ions more common inside or outside the cell?
K+ is more common on the insideAre K+ ions more common inside or outside the cell?
a small change in resting potentialWhat is a graded potential?
moving TOWARD magic number (55mV) makes you Excitatory (depolarizing)What is an excitatory graded potential and is it depolarizing or hyperpolarizing?
moving AWAY from the magic number makes it Inhibitory (hyperpolarizing)What is an inhibitory graded potential and is it depolarizing or hyperpolarizing?
-55mVWhat is the cell’s potential when it hits the threshold causing it to fire an action potential?
hyperpolarizationWould membrane potentials greater than -70mV (that is, values like -75 or -80mV)represent hyperpolarization or depolarization?
less likely AND inhibitedWould a neuron with a potential greater than -70mV be more likely or less likely to fire than a neuron at rest? Would it be excited or inhibited?
depolarizingWould membrane potentials between -70mV and -55mV represent hyperpolarization or depolarization?
more likely AND excitedWould a neuron with a potential between -70mV and -55mV be more likely or less likely to fire than a neuron at rest? Would it be excited or inhibited?
70 resting potentialWhat do the values –70mV represent?
-55 magic number, thresholdWhat do the values -55 mV represent?
30mVWhat do the values +30 mV represent?
more negative on the insideA neuron has a membrane potential of -70mV, is it more negative inside the cell or outside?
first part of action potentialWhat is the depolarization phase of the action potential?
the start of depolarization the potential is -55mVWhat is the membrane potential at the start depolarization?
the end of depolarization the potential is 30What is the potential at the end of the depolarization phase?
at the end of depolarization the voltage gated sodium channels closeWhich ion channels close at the end of depolarization phase?
sodium ions are flowing into the cell while potassium ions are leavingWhich ions enter or leave the neuron during the depolarization phase?
repolarization happens at +30 mVWhat is the repolarization phase of the action potential?
voltage gated potassium channels open however they are are slow (they open as sodium ones start to close)Which ion channels open at the start of repolarization?
+30mVWhat is the membrane potential at the start of the repolarization phase?
at the end of depolarization of the membrane potential is -70mVWhat is the membrane potential at the end of the depolarization phase?
from 30mV to -55mVWhat is the absolute refractory period?
No. no neuron can fire during this periodCan a neuron fire an action potential during the absolute refractory period?
an action potential at one node of Ranvier causing inward currents that depolarize the membrane at the next node , provoking a new action potential there.Describe saltatory conduction?
action potentials occur at nodes of ranvierWhere on the neuron do action potentials occur in saltatory conduction?
The big advantage is that this is much fasterWhat is the big advantage of saltatory conduction?