| Why do we need plant classification? | To study the plant world more effeciently |
| What is the science that classifies plants and how? | Taxonomy is responsible for plant classifications, and they classify them in groups as homogenized as possible. |
| What does "species" mean? | Species is the basic systematic unit, it is the group of individuals that are similar morphologically and can interbreed. |
| What does interbreed mean? | They can have ancestors through sexual activity. |
| Who was the first to classify plants? | Botanist LINNAEUS. |
| What was the name of the nomenclature that Linnaeus used? | binomial nomenclature. |
| Talk about the binomial nomenclature. | The naming of any individual consists of its genus name (common name) and its species name accompanied with the initials of the botanist who discovered this individual. Genus and species name are in italic, genus with uppercase and species with lowercase, the common name is called the vernacular or vulgar name. |
| Can a species be divided? | yes it can be divided into subspecies, races, varieties, or forms having same essential characters and can be distinguished by slight differences. |
| What is the order of specification terms? | species- genus- family- order- class- phylum (from most specific to least) |
| What are the units of specifications called? | Taxa (plural of Taxon) |
| With what letters do each taxon end? | family (aceae) , order (ales) , class (opsida), phylum (phyta) |
| How did Linnaeus classify living organisms? | He classified them into two kingdoms (plantae and animalia) those who eat and move are classified animalia, those who don't are classified plantae. Fungus, algae and bacterium were plantae, protozoa were animalia.
Eukaryotes, who were able to move but feed over photosynthesis were classified in both animalia and plantae. |
| What was classification came after Linnaeus? | Jussieu and De Candolle divided plants into three divisions; Acotyledon, monocotyledon, and dicotyledon. And then they used different characters (embryo, stamens, pistil, floral envelope) determining new families classifying all species in families. |
| What are cotyledons? | They are like seeds that grow after a while of the seed coming out of the ground |
| What classification came out according to evolution? | Darwin and LaMarck grouped species according to their phylogeny (evolutionary history). Each taxon has to be monophyletic |
| How did Haeckel divide the living world? | Protista, animalia, plantae. |
| How did Copeland divide the living world? | Eukayotes (animalia, plantae, and protista) and prokaryotes (Monera) |
| How did Margulis classify kingdoms? | prokaryotes (monera) and eukaryotes (animalia, plantae, protista and mycetes-fungi) |
| what are protista? | single celled organisms. Eukaryotes. |
| What are autotrophs? | auto- trophs (food) - are organisms that can feed themselves by photosynthesis (plants) |
| What are heterotrophs? | animals and fungi that need to feed over decaying organic matter (fungi) or ingestion (animals) |
| Who was the first to discover the six modern kingdoms? | Carl Woese. |
| What are the six modern classifying kingdoms? | Eukaryotes (animalia, plantae, mycetes, and protisa) and prokaryotes (bacteria and archaebacteria) |
| What are the three domains of classifications done by Woese and his collegues? | Bacteria, archabacteria, and eukaryotes. |
| How do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes differ in: organisms, cell size, cellular organization, metabolism, nucleus membrane, DNA, organelles, reproduction? | prokaryotes (bacteria, 1-10 microm, one cell, aerobic and anaerobic, abscent, circular in nucleoid, abscent, scissiparity.)
Eukaryotes (plants,animals,fungus, and protista, 5-100 microm, multicellular with cell differentiation, aerobic, present, linear in nucleus, present, mitosis and meosis) |
| what is the traditional Classification of Plant kingdom? | Thallophyta (thallus female reproductive system), Cromophyta (bryophytes, pteridoophytes, speratophytes) (cromus female reproductive system) |
| WWhat are the non-vascular plants? | Thallophytes and Bryophytes |
| What are the vascular plants, and what are two other names for vascular? | pteridophytes and spermatophytes, tracheophytes (conductive apparatues (xylem and phloem)), rhizophyts (roots) |
| What are the plants without seeds and flowers called? | cryptogams |
| What are the ones with seeds and flowers called? | phanerogams. |
| What are the archgoniates? | bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms (female reproductive system) |
| What is the only non-archegoniate? | angoisperms |
