| 3 Important Hormones | 1) ADH: Source -pituitary gland, Organ -kidneys, Role -control water content of blood, Effects -increase re absorption of water
2) Adrenaline: Source -adrenal gland, Organ -several(respiratory/circulatory systems), Role -prep for fight/flight, Effects -increase breathing rate, blood flow to muscles, glycogen conversion to glucose
3) Insulin: Source -pancreas, Organ -liver, Role -control blood glucose level, Effects -increase glucose to glycogen conversion for storage |
| What is a hormone? | A chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried in the bloodstream, which alters the activity of specific target organs. Once used, it's destroyed in the liver. Effects are slower than nervous system, but last much longer |
| Compare Thyroxine & Adrenaline | THYROXINE:
1) Produced by thyroid gland, stimulates basal metabolic rate
2) controls the speed at which oxygen and food products react to release energy for the body to use
3) Controlled by negative feedback: Low thyroxine - hypothalamus releases TRH, this causes the pituitary to release TSH - blood levels return to normal. Normal thyroxine - inhibits hypothalamus to release TRH, this inhibits the pituitary to release TSH - blood levels remain to normal.
ADRENALINE:
1) Not controlled by negative feedback
2) Its effects allow to prepare for quick response (where it may be essential) |
| What is Insulin & what does it do if blood glucose level goes too high/low? | 1- Hormone: Insulin (produced in pancreas)regulates glucose(needed by cells for respiration) concentration in blood
2- Blood glucose level too high: pancreas produces insulin which causes glucose to move from blood into cells, in the liver and muscle cells, excess glucose converts to glycogen for storage
3- Blood glucose level too low, glucagon(hormone) is released and glycogen turns back into glucose (in liver) and released into bloodstream |
| What is Diabetes? | A condition where the blood glucose levels remain too high. Treated by injecting insulin. Extra insulin causes the liver to convert glucose into glycogen, which reduces the blood glucose level |
| Compare testosterone & oestrogen | testosterone - produced by the testes - controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics
oestrogen - produced by the ovaries - controls the development of female secondary sexual characteristics |
| What are the 6 Glands & what do they produce? | 1) Pituitary(Master) Gland: Secretes several hormones into the blood in response to the body's condition
2) Thyroid gland - produce thyroxine
3) Pancreas - produce insulin
4) Adrenal gland - produce adrenaline
5) Testes - produce testosterone
6) Ovaries - produce oestrogen
NOTE: Hormone release is controlled by negative feedback |
| What is Type 1 Diabetes? | TYPE 1:
1) Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. Can be detected at early age
2) uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and, controlled by injecting insulin
3) Control by: careful diet, eat foods that won't cause large increase blood sugar level, exercise - lowers blood glucose level due to increased muscle respiration |
| What is Type 2 Diabetes? | TYPE 2:
1) Person's body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. More common in older people
2) Control by: control carbs (carbs are digested into glucose, raising overall blood glucose level), exercise
3) Correlation between rising obesity in population and increase level of type 2 diabetes |
