| cells - Eukaryotic cells include... | plant and animal cells. |
| cells - Prokaryotic cells include... | bacteria |
| Animal + plant cells - nucleus | contains genetic material |
| Animal + plant cells - cytoplasm | gel-like substance, chemical reactions happen |
| Animal + plant cells - cell membrane | holds cell together, what goes in and out |
| Animal + plant cells - mitochondria | aerobic reaction takes place |
| Animal + plant cells - ribosomes | proteins are made |
| plant cells - cell wall | supports cell |
| plant cells - permanent vacuole | contains cell sap |
| plant cells - chloroplasts | photosynthesis occurs |
| Microscopes let us see things that we ____ ___ with the naked eye | can't see |
| Light microscopes use | light and lenses |
| Electron microscopes use | electrons, higher magnification |
| Magnification equation - | Magnification = image size/real size |
| Diffusion - definition | the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Diffusion happens in... | solutions and gases |
| Diffusion - particles move about... | randomly |
| Diffusion - The bigger the concentration gradient... | the faster the diffusion rate |
| Diffusion - The higher the temperature the ______ diffusion rate | faster |
| Dissolved substances can move in and out of cells by | diffusion |
| Osmosis - description | the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a area of higher water concentration to a area of lower water concentration |
| During osmosis the water molecules pass through in ____ directions | both |
| Osmosis - A partially permeable membrane is one with... | very small holes in it |
| Active transport - Definition | Sometimes substances need to be absorbed against a concentration gradient e.g lower to higher concentration |
| Exchange surfaces - During gas exchange... | oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred between cells and the environment |
| Exchange surfaces - In single-celled organisms gases and substances can diffuse _______ the cell across the cell membrane | directly into |
| Exchange surfaces - Multicellular organisms have a __________________ compared to their volume | smaller surface area |
| Exchange surfaces - Adaptations to maximise effectiveness | thin membrane, large surface area, lots of blood vessels, ventilated |
| Cell organisation - Cells are... | the basic building blocks of all living organisms |
| Cell organisation - The process by which cells become specialised for a particular job is called? | differentiation |
| Cell organisation - A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function is a... | tissue |
| Cell organisation - A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function is a... | organ |
| Cell organisation - A group of organs working together to perform a particular function is a... | organ system |
| Digestion - Amylase convert carbohydrates into... | simple sugars |
| Digestion - Amylase are made in... | salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine |
| Digestion - Proteases convert proteins into... | Amino acids |
| Digestion - Proteases are made in... | stomach, pancreas, small intestine |
| Digestion - Lipases convert lipids into... | Glycerol and fatty acids |
| Digestion - Lipases are made in... | Pancreas, small intestine |
| Digestion - where is bile created and stored? | Liver and gall bladder |
| Communicable disease - _________are microorganisms that enter the body and cause the diseases. | Pathogens |
| Communicable disease - Pathogens cause... | Communicable diseases |
| Communicable disease - _____ ______ ___ _____ can be infected by pathogens | Both plants and animals |
| Communicable diseases - Pathogens can be spread by... | dirty water, air, direct contact |
| Vaccinations involve injecting small amounts of... | dead or inactive pathogens |
| Pros of vaccines | Help control common communicable diseases, prevent big outbreaks |
| Cons of vaccines | Don't always work, can have a bad reaction |
| Photosynthesis takes place in the... | chloroplasts |
| The word equation is... | carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen |
| Photosynthesis - plants use glucose for... | respiration, making cellulose, making amino acids, stored oils or fats, stored starch |
| The rate of photosynthesis is affected by... | intensity of light, concentration of CO2, temperature, chlorophyll |
| Respiration - definition | The process of Transferring energy from glucose which goes in every cell. |
| Respiration happens in... | all living things |
| Respiration is a... reaction | exothermic |
| Photosynthesis is a... reaction | endothermic |
| Aerobic respiration equation | glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water |
| Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells equation | glucose - lactic acids |
| Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast cells equation | glucose - ethanol + carbon dioxide |
