| An arterial ulcer has issues with blood going ______ the heart | away from |
| A venous ulcer has issues with blood going _____ the heart | to |
| what pneumonic is used to assess whether an ulcer is Arterial or Venous? | "VESSEL" |
| Do people with Arterial Ulcers prefer elevated or dangling legs? | dangling |
| Do people with Venous Ulcers prefer elevated or dangling legs? | elevated |
| Skin of Arterial ulcers | cool to touch, thin, dry, scaly, hairless |
| Skin of Venous ulcers | warm, thick, brownish color |
| What part of the cardiac cycle does the P wave represent? | Atrial Contraction |
| What part of the cardiac cycle does the QRS represent? | Ventricle Contraction |
| What does a U wave indicate | resting of the Purkinje fibers (uncommon) |
| Symptoms of Increased ICP | irritability (early), restlessness, headache, decreased LOC, Pupil abnormalities, abnormal respirations, abnormal posturing |
| normal ICP | 10-15 |
| What kind of fluid does a Lumbar Puncture sample | CSF |
| what can a lumbar puncture help diagnose? | multiple sclerosis, syphilis, meningitis, infection |
| is Bacteria or Viral meningitis more common? | Viral |
| what are the 2 vaccines for prevention of meningitis? | HIB, MCV4 |
| symptoms of meningitis | headache, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, nausea and vomiting, positive kerning's and brudzinski's sign |
| Kernig sign Test | patient lays on their back and you lift up their leg with knees bent. Pain while extending the knee flat is a positive sign |
| Brudzinksi sign test | patient lays on their back and you lift up their head. Pain is a positive sign and they will flex knees in |
| Meds for bacterial Meningitis | antibiotics, phenytoin (anticonvulsant) |
| Tonic- Clonic Seizure | 3 phases; tonic, clonic, post ictal |
| tonic episode | stiffening of the muscles and loss of consciousness |
| clonic episode | 1 to 2 minutes of rhythmic jerking |
| post ictal phase | very confused and sleepy |
| Absence Seizure | loss of consciousness for just a few seconds
Blank staring, eye fluttering, lip smacking, picking at clothes |
| Myoclonic Seizure | Brief stiffening of the extremities |
| Atonic Seizure | loss of muscle tone and usually results in falling |
| Status Epilepticus | repeated seizure activity within 30 minutes or a single seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes |
| Parkinson's disease is characterized by too little _____ and too much ______ | dopamine, acetylcholine |
| Meds for Parkinson's | Levodopa-Carbidopa (increases Dopamine)
Benztropine (Anticholinergic) |
| Meds for Alzheimer's disease | Donepezil
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Antianxiety meds |
| Multiple Sclerosis | autoimmune disorder that causes plaque buildup in the white matter of the CNS |
| symptoms of multiple sclerosis | eye problems, muscle spasticity and weakness, bowel or bladder dysfunction, cognitive changes, ear problems, dysphagia, fatigue |
| meds for multiple sclerosis | Immunosuppressants
Cyclosporine
Prednisone
Muscle Relaxants (Dantrolene, Baclofen) |
| ALS | degenerative neurological disorder of the upper and lower motor neurons |
| ALS med that slows deterioration | Riluzole |
| Myasthenia Gravis | autoimmune disorder that causes severe muscle weakness |
| What is administered to detect MG from a cholinergic crisis | Edrophonium |
| Meds for MG | Anticholinesterase Agents
Pyridostignine/ Neostigmine
Immunosuppressants |
| Meds for Migraines | NSAIDs
Sumatriptans or Ergotamine |
| Glaucoma meds | Pilocarpine
Timolol
Mannitol |
| Normal IOP | 10-21 |
| Meniere's Disease | inner ear disorder |
| Meds for Meniere's Disease | Antihistamines
Anticholinergics
Antiemetics
meclizine, triperidol, diphenhydramine, scopolamine |
| hemorrhagic stroke | due to ruptured artery or aneurysm |
| thrombotic stroke | blood clot in the cerebral artery |
| embolic stroke | blood clot from another part of the body travels up to the cerebral artery |
| Left Hemisphere Stroke | issues with language skills, math skills, and analytical thinking
expressive aphasia
reading and writing difficulties
right sided weakness or paralysis |
| Right Hemisphere Stroke | Issues with visual awareness
oversestimate abilities
poor judgement and impulse control
left sided neglect |
| How to remember right and left sided stroke | "right reckless, left language" |
| nasal canula rate | 1-6 L |
| Simple Face mask rate | 5-8 L |
| Partial Non-Rebreather Mask rate | 6-11 L |
| Adjust oxygen flow to achieve what with a Partial Non-Rebreather? | keep reservoir bag from deflating |
| Non-Rebreather Mask rate | 10-15 L |
| adjust oxygen flow to achieve what with a Non-Rebreather mask? | keep reservoir bag 2/3 full |
| Venturi Mask rate | 4-10 L |
| When do we use face tents | for patients with burns or facial trauma |
| Which oxygen device provides the most precise delivery of oxygen? | Venturi Mask |
| What causes a low-pressure alarm when using Mechanical Ventilation? | disconnection, tube leak, tube displacement |
| What causes a high-pressure alarm when using Mechanical Ventilation? | excessive secretions, biting of the tube, kinks in the tube, coughing, pulmonary edema, bronchospasm, pneumothorax |
| how to remember low pressure/high pressure alarm | "high kink, low leak" |
| COPD is a combo of what two disorders? | emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
| which 4 antibiotics are given for TB? | Isonazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinmide, Ethambutol |
| Normal CK-MB level | 0% |
| Troponin T level | less than 0.1 |
| Troponin I level | less than 0.03 |
| Myoglobin level | less than 90 |
| total cholesterol level | less than 200 |
| HDL level | over 55 for women, over 45 for men |
| LDL level | less than 130 |
| Triglycerides level | between 35-135 for women, between 40-160 for men |
| normal Central Venous Pressure | 2-6 |
| normal Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure | 6-15 |
| Normal cardiac output | 4-8 |
| ALT and AST level | 0-35 |
| Amylase | less than 220 |
| Lipase | less than 160 |
| Bilirubin level | less than 1 |
| albumin | 3.5-5 |
| Ammonia | 10-80 |
| creatinine level | 0.6-1.2 |
| BUN level | 10-20 |
| specific gravity | 1.01-1.025 |
| normal PR interval | 0.12-0.20 seconds |
| normal QRS interval | less than 0.12 seconds |
| What will the PR interval and QRS interval be with Sinus Tachycardia? | PR: less than 0.20, QRS: less than 0.12 |
| what will the PR interval and QRS interval be with Sinus Bradycardia? | PR: less than 0.20, QRS: less than .10 |
