| First organized nursing orginzations | Order of virgins and order of widows (catholics early middle/dark ages 500-1000 AD) |
| Early Christian era | 1-476 CE (nursing care provided by deaconesses of the early church) |
| Founded first hospital and personally cared for sick and injured | Fabiola, a deaconess (380 AD in Rome) |
| Early Middle ages | 476-1000 (aka dark ages when educational growth slowed tremendously, aspects of nursing esteemed by catholic church) |
| Deaconesses | Also early nurses (1-476 ad) Well bred cultured women, usually widows or daughters of Romans (early Christian era) |
| First deaconess and visiting nurse | Phoebe (55 AD ) |
| Peak of deaconesses | 400 AD in constantinople or Turkey, when the church took away deaconesses |
| Hospitals of the middle ages (476-1000 AD) were within.... | Monastaries |
| First nursing order of nuns | The Augustinian sisters ( early middle ages. 476-1000 AD) |
| More highlights of early middle ages | The Dark ages, Catholic church, nursing performed by monks and nuns, monks kept learning alive with preservation of Greek teachings, personal care and comfort (which is foundation of nursing) replaced anatomy and physiology and medicinal practices |
| Cathedrals and universities were founded .... | in the early middle ages |
| Early hospital in Paris founded in.... and staffed by.... | 650 AD, St. Augustian nuns |
| Santa Spirito hospital | Founded in Rome in 717 AD (an early hospital) |
| High Middle Ages | 1000-1475... almost all aspects of life dominated by Catholic church; The church and nursing orders were dominant. The church, not medicine, held authority over nursing and patient care |
| Crusades | 1095-1291 (reopened western civilization following the dark/early middle ages; Religous wars that sought to reclaim the Holy land from moslems) |
| Crusaders adopted .... | Organized facilities, hospitals, to care for the sick and wounded from Moslem practices |
| Bright Red Cross | Symbol for Knights Hospitallars of St. John of Jeruslalem during Crusades |
| Hospices | Established during High Middle Ages (about 1000-1500 AD) and founded within monastaries to welcome travelers and protect persons from the outside world |
| Seperate hospitals for the sick were founded by.... | Crusaders who returned from Jerusalem; staffed by secular and religous orders |
| The Renassaince | 13-1600. Medicine took priority over nursing, which became dormant. Martin Luther ended dominance of catholasism with the REFORMATION (15-1600). |
| 1347-1351 | Bubonic plague killed 1/4 of Europe as merchants brought back the epidimic from the Arab nations. leading to the decline of catholosism as hope was lost |
| Foundational thought of the Renassiance | The idea that the world could be studied with discovery and exploration |
| The Reformation closed.... | Monastaries and religious orders |
| Under Protestianism and the Reformation women.... | were considered subordinate to men and stopped working outside the homes as nurses and teachers, as they did under catholosism |
| The reformation opened industrial work and high populations which led to | agricultural society and deplorable living conditions. Nursing was performed by prostitutes, as a type of community service in place of jail time |
| St. Vincent de Paul with follower Louise de Marillac | Founded Sisters of Charity in 1633 and kept nursing alive following the reformation until 1820 |
| German Theodor Fliedner opens.... | Kaiserswerth Deaconess Institution in 1836First real nursing school |
| A Londoner, John Howard (1726–1790), fought for reforms in public health and.... | prisons |
| Elizabeth Fry | Followed John Howards work and organized a group called the Protestant Sisters of Charity, later called the Institute of Nursing Sisters, to provide nursing care for London’s poor. |
| Gertrude Reichardt. | First Keiserworth deaconess |
| Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell | America's first women physician who encouraged Nightingale to become a nurse |
| After training, Nightingale returned to Paris and worked with.... | Sisters of Charity |
| Florence returned to London, where she became superintendent of a small institution.... | the Establishment for Gentlewomen During Illness. |
| During Crimean war, French casualties were taken care of by ... The Russians were cared for by the ... | the Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy. |
| On October 21, 1854 | Florence Nightingale left for the war front with 38 women |
| the Nightingale School opened in... | 1860. |
| Florence Nightingale died in | 1910 at age 90 |
| Nightingale was born on | May 12, 1820 in Florence Italy |
| J. H. Dunant was instrumental in founding | the International Red Cross in Switzerland in 1864 |
| The germ theory of disease developed in | 1876 by Robert Koch, a German bacteriologist, was that bacteria, not “bad air,” carry anthrax and other diseases. |
| The first nursing school in the United States was opened in | 1872 at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston. |
| Bellevue Hospital’s Training, which modeled Nightingale's school, opened in | 1873 |
| the Mills School of Nursing, a school for training male nurses | the Mills School of Nursing, a school for training male nurses, was opened at Bellevue Hospital in the late 1800s |
| Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802–1887) | First army nurse: treatment of mentally ill |
| Clara Barton (1821–1912) | Angel of the battlefieldField hospitals during Civil WarFormed American Association of the Red Cross in 1881 |
| Linda Richards (1841–1930) | First US trained nurseDeveloped system for writing accurate patient reports. Founder of documentation |
| Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845–1926) | First African American graduate professional nurse in the United States.Integration, retention, and advancement of minorities in nursing |
| Lavinia Dock (1858–1956) | Organized National League for Nursing |
| Mary Adelaide Nutting (1858–1948) | Founded first college—level department of nursingInstrumental in raising standards of nursing education |
| Isabel Hampton Robb (1860–1910) | Advocated nurses’ rights, a Three-year training program, Six-day work week, Eight-hour workday, and licensure |
| Lillian Wald (1867–1940) | Founded public health nursing in the United Statesk |
| Adah Belle Samuel Thoms (Circa 1870–1943) | )Equal opportunity crusader for African American people in nursing Wrote Pathfinders: A history of the progress of colored graduate nurses |
| Annie W. Goodrich (1866–1955) | Wrote plans for the Army School of Nursing |
| Margaret Sanger (1879–1966) | Founded the American birth control leagueFirst birth control clinic in the United StatesFirst president of International Planned Parenthood Federation |
| Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail (1903–1981) | Montana nurse worked to end abuses in Native American health care systemFounder of the Native American Nurses Association1962 President’s award for “Outstanding Nursing Health Care” |
| Hildegard Peplau (1909–1999) | “Mother of psychiatric nursing”Development of theory and practice of psychiatric and mental health nursing |
| Martha Elizabeth Rogers (1914–1994 | Discoverer of the science of unitary human beingsTherapeutic touch |
| Mary Elizabeth Carnegie (1916–2008) | Author of The Path We Tread: Blacks in Nursing Worldwide
Initiated baccalaureate nursing program at African American Hampton University
Dean and Professor at Florida A&M University |
| Randolph Rasch (1952–Present) | )First African American man to graduate in nursingFirst African American male public health nurseFirst African American man to complete an MSN as a family nurse practitionerFirst African American man to earn a PhD in nursing |
| Ildaura Murillo-Rohde (1933–2010) | Created the National Association of Hispanic Nurses |
| Rebecca Anderson (1957–1995) | An LPN who died trying to save victims of Oklahoma city bombing |
| YWCA 1892 introduced informal | informal 3-month LPN course in Brooklyn, NY |
| The Ballard School Of Practical Nursing | Developed the First formal LPN curriculum in 1897 |
| Mississippi was the first state to offer the.... | option to be licensed |
| World War II brought about | Shortage of registered nurses and an Increased demand for practical/vocation nurses |
| National League for Nursing Education formed in | 1918 |
| New York mandated licensure of practical nurses in | 1938 |
| National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES) established the.... | Established department of education and the department of service |
| National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) developed in | 1949 by Lillian Kuster |
| Purpose of Quality Improvement/Quality Assurance/Risk Management goals | Ensure patients receive quality care in a safe environment
Evaluation and improvement of level of service to patients
Lowest possible cost |
| Floor nurse duty of 1887: Each nurse on day duty will report every day at 7 am and leave at 8 pm except | on the Sabbath on which day you will be off from 12 to 2 pm. |
| By 1955 all states had laws for | LPN liscensing |
| NAPNES and NALPN | set standards for practical nursing practice, generally promote and protect the interests of practical
nurses, and educate and inform the general public about practical nursing. |
| Began accrediting nursing programs in 1984 instead of napnes | National League for nursing (NLN) |
