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level: Terminology and orientation

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Terminology and orientation

Question	Answer
cut or cutting	tome suffix meaning
The science of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts	Anatomy
Embryology, histology, gross anatomy	Subdisciplines of Anatomy
Microscopic study of tissues	Histology
Parts you can see with the naked eye	Gross Anatomy
Chemical, Cells, Tissue, Organ, System, Body	6 levels of structural organization
Image	Anatomical Position
Head	Cephalic region
Neck	Cervical region
Arm	Brachial region
Palm of the hand	Palmar region
Thigh	Femoral region
Leg	Crural region
Top of foot	Dorsum
Sole of foot	Plantar region
Towards the front Ex. The sternum is anterior to the heart	Anterior (ventral)
Towards the back Ex. The esophagus is posterior to the trachea	Posterior (dorsal)
Toward the belly side (anterior) Ex. The umbilicus is ventral to the intestines	Ventral
Toward the spine (posterior) Ex. The heart is dorsal to the sternum	Dorsal
Toward the head (superior)	Cranial/cephalic
Toward the beak/nose Ex. The frontal lobe is rostral to the occipital lobe	Rostral
Toward the tail (inferior) Ex. The spinal cord is caudal to the brain	Caudal
Higher in position Ex. The heart is superior to the diaphragm	Superior
Lower in postion Ex. The stomach is inferior to the lungs	Inferior
Toward the midline/midsagittal plane Ex. The ulna is medial to the radius	Medial
Away from the midline Ex. The lungs are lateral to the heart	Laterial
Closer to the origin/point of attachment Ex. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow	Proximal
Away/further from the origin Ex. The hand is distal to the elbow	Distal
Toward or on the surface of the body Ex. The skin is superficial to the muscles	Superficial
Away from the surface Ex. The bones are deep to the muscles	Deep
On the opposite side of the body	Contralateral
On the same side of the body	Ipsilateral
Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior	Coronal Plane
Horizontal plane that divides in superior and inferior parts	Transverse Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts	Sagittal Plane
Divides into not equal parts	Para-sagittal
Divides into equal parts	Mid-sagittal
Spaces where organs are "housed" or "kept"	Body cavities
Cavity where the brain is (dorsal)	Cranial cavity
Cavity where spinal cord is (dorsal)	Vertebral Canal
Cavity where lungs and heart are	Thoracic Cavity
Cavity where digestive organs are	Abdominal cavity
Cavity where reproductive organs and urinary bladder are	Pelvic cavity
Serous layer of pleural cavities. Consists of Visceral Pleura (around lungs), Parietal Pleura (around cavity) and Pleural Cavity (cavity)	Pleura
Section of the thoracic catiy that is not pericardium or pleural cavities	Mediastinum
Serous layer of pericardial cavity. Consists of Visceral Pericardium (membrane covering the heart), Parietal Pericardium (membrane covering the cavity), and Pericardial Cavity (cavity)	Pericardium
Serous layer of the abdominal cavity	Peritoneum
Contains lubricating fluid. Allows the viscera to slide during movements. Ex. lungs during respiration	Space between parietal and visceral layer of cavities
Membrane = thin tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures Serous membranes cover the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen	Serous membrane
Quadrants	Abdominopelvic cavity subdivision