| What happens when a metal reacts with oxygen? | - Metal + Oxygen -> Metal Oxide
(EG: magnesium + oxygen -> magnesium oxide)
- an oxidation reaction takes place |
| How do magnesium and iron react with oxygen? | magnesium - vigorously, great deal of heat and light is released
iron - slowly, taking weeks or months |
| What's the word equation for the reaction between metals & water? | metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
(EG: potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + water) |
| What determines how rapidly an element reacts? | It's ability to lose an electron and form a positive ion
(table shows reactivity of metals [doesn't need to be memorized]) |
| What happens to metals when they are displaced? | - A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal
- One metal is oxidised (gains oxygen)
- The other is reduced (loses oxygen)
(EG: carbon + copper oxide -> carbon dioxide + copper) |
| What happens during oxidation and reduction (in terms of electrons)? | OIL - Oxidation Is Loss (EG: Al -> Al^(3+) + 3e^-)
RIG - Reduction Is Gain (EG: O +2e^- -> O^(2-)) |
| Give the symbol equations for the 3 most popular acids. | Hydrochloric acid - HCl
Sulfuric acid - H2SO4
Nitric acid - HNO3 |
| What do acids produce in aqueous solutions? | H+ ions
(EG: HNO3 -> H^(+) + NO3^-) |
| What are bases? | - Chemicals which can neutralise acids, producing a salt + water
- Usually metal oxides OR metal hydroxides
- If they are insoluble in water (EG: copper oxide), they are just bases
- If they are soluble in water (EG: sodium hydroxide), they are both bases & alkalis |
| What do alkalis produce in an aqueous solution? | OH- ions |
| What happens in this reaction in terms of electrons: hydrochloric acid + magnesium -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen (include the half equations)? | OXIDATION: Mg -> Mg^(2+) +2e^-
REDUCTION: 2H^(+) + 2e^(-) -> H^2 |
| How can we identify the rate of reactions using oxidation & reduction reactions that occurs when metals react with dilute acids? | The more easily an elements forms ions, the quicker rate of reaction, EG:
- Magnesium reacts rapidly with dilute acid -> easily forms the ion Mg^2+
- Zinc reacts quite rapidly with dilute acid -> quite easily forms the ion Zn^2+
- Iron reacts slowly with dilute acids -> less easily forms Fe^2+ |
| What ions do salts contain and where do those ions come from? | - positive ions which come from the base/alkali
- negative ions which come from the acid |
| What do the 3 main acids form (as salts)? | hydrochloric acid -> ... chlorides
sulfuric acid -> ... sulfates
nitric acid -> ... nitrates |
| What happens when we react an acid with a base/alkali? | We make a SALT + WATER
EG: sulfuric acid + zinc oxide -> zinc sulfate + water |
| How do metal carbonates react with a acids? | They make a SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
EG:
- hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate -> sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
- hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate -> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
- hydrochloric acid + potassium carbonate -> potassium chloride + water + carbon dioxide |
