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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
First four weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence	Neonatal period
"Newborn", averagely 20 inches long and weighs about 7 ½ pounds	Neonate
Fuzzy prenatal hair that has not fallen off yet. Protects the fetus from damaging substances. It will be replaced with real hair.	Lanugo
"Soft spots"; areas on the baby's head where the bones of the skull do not meet. This allows flexibility which eases the passage of the baby through the vaginal canal.	Fontanels
"Cheesy varnish"; an oily protection against infection that dries within the first few days. It protects the neonate’s skin since the fetus is submerged in amniotic fluid.	Vernix Caseosa
Lack of oxygen	Anoxia
Reduced oxygen supply	Hypoxia
Stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract.	Meconium
Babies will get yellowish skin and eyeballs due to the immaturity of their liver. If left untreated this may lead to brain damage such as intellectual disabilities.	Neonatal Jaundice
Designed by Virginia Apgar; very first test given to a newborn to see if there’s an immediate need for extra medical or emergency care.	APGAR Scale
What does APGAR stand for?	Appearance (color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration
If an infant is rated 5-7 in the APGAR Scale, what should be done?	The baby will be given a breathing support
If an infant is rated 4 below in the APGAR Scale, what should be done?	The baby needs immediate life-saving, they will placed under isolette
A neurological and behavioral test to measure a neonate's responses to the environment.	Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
What does NBAS stand for?	Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
A simple procedure to find out if your baby has a congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated.	Newborn Screening (NBS)
What would happen if Congenital Hypothyroidism (Ch) is not screened?	Severe Mental Retardation
An endocrine disorder that causes severe salt loss, dehydration and abnormally high levels of male sex hormones in both boys and girls.	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
A condition in which babies are unable to process galactose, the sugar present in milk.	Galactosemia (GAL)
What can be the effect of excessive galactose in the body?	Liver damage, brain damage, cataracts
An inherited enzyme disorder that has the potential to result in mental retardation unless fed a special diet beginning in the first 3 to 6 weeks of life.	Phenylketonuria (PKU)
A condition where the body lacks the enzyme called G6PD.	Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD def)
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from the defective activity of the enzyme branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase complex.	Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
What can happen if babies with G6PD deficiency were not treated properly?	Severe Anemia, Kernicterus
Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)	Ambiguous genitalia in girls, Enlarged penis in boys, Poor weight gain, Weight loss, Dehydration, Vomiting
These are babies born before the 37th week of gestation.	Preterm babies
Babies born around their due dates but are smaller than expected. Reasons may be inadequate prenatal nutrition, which slows fetal growth.	Small for birth
Neonates born weighing less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds) at birth; not all babies born small are premature	Low-birth weight
Two types of LBW	born early and born small
An antiseptic, temperature-controlled crib; low-birth weight or at-risk preterm babies are placed in this machine and fed through tubes.	Isolette
Skin-to-skin contact; a newborn (preemies & full-term infants) is laid face down between the mother's breast for an hour or so at a time after birth to make the adjustment from fetal life.	Kangaroo Care
What hormone is released when skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant occurs?	Oxytocin
Essential lung-coating substance; keeps air sacs from collapsing; Babies who have respiratory distress syndrome are most likely lacking this substance.	Surfactant
Why is it safer to give birth during the 7th month of pregnancy rather than the 8th month?	The lung surfactant has higher levels during odd months of pregnancy
Babies can be negatively affected by staying too long in the womb	Post-mature
Death happened after the 20th week (5 months) whether inside the womb or after gestation.	Still-birth
Also known as 'crib death'	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome