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level: Level 1 of Chapter 11

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 11

Question	Answer
Developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes.	Adolescence
Process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.	Puberty
Term meaning puberty.	Pubescence
Maturing of the adrenal glands.	Adrenarche
Maturing of the sex organs and the appearance of more obvious pubertal changes.	Gonadarche
An androgen secreted by the adrenal glands which plays a part in the growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, as well as in faster body growth, oilier skin, and the development of body odor.	Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence.	Primary sex characteristics
Physiological signs of sexual maturation (such as breast development and growth of body hair) that do not involve the sex organs.	Secondary sex characteristics
The pigmented areas surrounding the nipples, which enlarge during puberty.	Areolae
Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity.	Adolescent growth spurt
Boy’s first ejaculation.	Spermarche
An involuntary ejaculation of semen (commonly referred to as a wet dream) that happens at night in males.	Nocturnal emission
The monthly shedding of tissue from the lining of the womb.	Menstruation
Girl’s first menstruation.	Menarche
Trend that can be seen only by observing several generations, such as the trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago.	Secular trend
The part of the brain that responds to social and emotional stimuli.	Socio-emotional network
The part of the brain that regulates responses to stimuli.	Cognitive-control network
A hormone secreted by the pineal gland that promotes sleep.	Melatonin
Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance.	Body image
Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation.	Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise.	Bulimia nervosa
Frequent binging without subsequent fasting, exercise, or vomiting.	Binge eating disorder
Harmful use of alcohol or other drugs.	Substance abuse
Physiological or psychological addiction, or both.	Substance dependence
Consuming five or more drinks on one occasion.	Binge drinking:
Piaget’s final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly.	Formal operations
Ability, believed by Piaget to accompany the state of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses.	Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Awareness and monitoring of one’s own mental processes and strategies.	Metacognition
Changes in information-processing capacity and the increasing amount of knowledge stored in long-term memory.	Structural changes
Acquired factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.	Declarative knowledge
Acquired skills stored in long-term memory.	Procedural knowledge
Acquired interpretive understandings stored in long-term memory.	Conceptual knowledge
Changes in the processes for obtaining, handling, and retaining information such as learning, remembering, and reasoning.	Functional changes
The ability to understand another person’s point of view and level of knowledge and to speak accordingly.	Social perspective-taking
The social dialect of puberty or adolescent speech.	Pubilect
First level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning in which control is external.	Preconventional morality
Second level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning in which standards of authority figures are internalized.	Conventional morality (or morality of conventional role conformity)
Third level of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning in which people follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards.	Postconventional morality (or morality of autonomous moral principles)
Belief in one’s own mastery of situations, such as mastery of academic material.	Self-efficacy
Involvement in schooling.	Active engagement