| What is person praise? | When you praise the person instead of their process, making it seem like they were born that way |
| What does person praise lead to according to Gunderson? | Leeds to children to think that they were born with or without the ability and leads to a fixed mindset, this also known as the entitiy motivational framework. Makes them not try because they think they aren't good at it. |
| What is process praise? | Praising the process they have been on to achieve what they have achieved. |
| What does process praise lead to according to Gunderson? | Makes them see the link between effort and success, they see ability as changeable, leads to a growth mindset. Also known as incremental motivational framework. |
| 3 aims of Gunderson study. | 1. Whether children are affected by the different types of parental praise in a natural situation
2. Want to see the gender differences between the different types of praise given.
3.Whetehr the type of praise given in early childhood affect them five years later in terms of behavior and motivation. |
| What is the method for Gunderson's study? | It was a longitudinal study, that looked at the different types of praise with children from 14 - 26- 38 months. The gender and child's influences of the type of praise were also looked at. |
| Number and percentage of participants of Gunderson's study? | 29 boys and 24 girls
64% white, 17% African-American, 11% Hispanic and 8% multiracial background |
| what did the parents think about the study? | Double blind study, thought it was about language development
Participants were told to go about their typical day and caregiver-child interactions were taped for 90 minutes. |
| What happened to the children around the age of 7-8 in Gunderson's study? | They completed 2 questionaires |
| Parental praise patterns results Gunderson. | On average 3% of all the parental comments were praise.
Process praise was 18%
Person praise 16% |
| The gender differences Gunderson. | 24.4% of praise for boys were process and 10.3% for girls. |
| Conclusion Gunderson. | Boys got more process praise than girls. Boys tend to have more incremental motivational praise. |
| A weakness from the Gunderson's study | It was a double blind, means that the parents and children didn't know the true aim so it was low on ethics. |
| A strength from Gunderson's study | It was a big and culturally biased sample, means that the results could be represented. |
| A strength from Gunderson's study | It was in a naturalistic environment, means it can be applied in a real life situation |
| A strength from Gunderson's study | Seeing as it was a double blind experiment it meant that people couldn't change their personality, which means that it increases the internal validity but it did mean there was a lack of control because it was in a naturalistic environment. |
| An improvement for ethics | Debrief the participants to reveal the true aim and give them the right to withdraw when they found the true aim |
| An improvement for the environment | Make the environment more controlled but that can make the ecological validity go down. |
| What is a fixed mindset | When the person thinks that they are given abilities at birth and that it can't be changed and they are unchangeable. |
| What is a growth mindset | They believe that effort can be payed off and it makes the results worth while and you aren't born with abilities. |
| Weakness of Dwecks theory | It was too simplistic because they only saw 2 different mindsets and nothing else. Some people may have both or neither one or the other. |
| Another strength of Dweck's theory | It has supporting evidence form Yeager and Dwecks study in 2012 which says being taught or believe in can lead to a better school performance |
| A weakness of Dweck's theory | Challenging research from Bouchard and McGue (1981) suggests that there is correlation between genetic relationship and IQ. Challenges it because Dweck says that it comes from the mindset. |
