SEARCH
You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

   Log in to start

level: Pt. 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Pt. 2

QuestionAnswer
Majority of acute pharyngitis are ______ in origin.Viral
What is the infection organism causing pharyngitis in children younger than 3?H. influenzae
What are the drugs of choice for streptococcal pharyngitis?Penicillin derivatives
When should a child with pharyngitis replace their toothbrush with a new one?24 hours after beginning antibiotics
Tonsillitis usually occurs as a result of __________Pharyngitis
What kind of drug treatment is prescribed for bacterial tonsillitis?10-day course of penicillin
Decreasing blood pressure is a late sign of _____.Shock
What is the most common form of croup?LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis)
How is the onset of LTB characterized?Gradual, progressive
What is the temperature of a child with LTB?Normal or mildly elevated
What is the most serious complication of croup?Laryngeal obstruction
What is the most common cause of bronchitis?Rhinovirus
What is the most common cause of bronchitis in children younger than 6?Mycoplasma pneumoniae
How do chest radiographs commonly appear in a child with bronchitis?Normal
Cough suppressants are contraindicated in _______ unless the condition significantly affects sleepBronchitis
How long can RSV survive outside a host?Hours
Bronchiolitis is an acute ______ inflammation of the smaller airway passagesViral
How is RSV transmitted?Respiratory secretions
A patient with RSV is under what precautions?Respiratory isolation
What is pulmonary TB?A chronic bacterial lung infection
What microorganism is pulmonary TB caused by?Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the best way to obtain sputum cultures from infants and children?Gastric aspiration
The usual course of treatment for TB is no less than _____ months12 months
What is the earliest manifestation of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?Meconium ileus
What is a common GI manifestation with CF?Rectal prolapse
What is used to diagnose CF?Two sweat tests
A sweat chloride level higher than ___mEq/L is diagnostic for CF60mEq/L
What kind of vitamins should be administered to the patient with CF?Fat-soluble (A,D,E,K)
What is the single most important aspect of treatment for a patient with CF?Pulmonary therapy
What kind of therapy involves breathing through a device that provides resistance while exhaling?Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy
Early on in CF the child may experience excess ______, which decreases as the disease progressesAppetite
What should be administered to a child with CF before meals and snacks?A mixture of pancreatic enzymes
What is the current life expectancy of a baby born with CF?47 years or older
Bronchial asthma is a ________ obstructive respiratory disorderReversible
What are the 4 classifications of asthma?1. Mild intermittent 2. Mild persistent 3. Moderate persistent 4. Severe persistent
What kind of testing is also ordered for a child with asthma?Skin testing for allergens
Which 2 factors are sufficient to diagnose asthma?1. Chronic cough in the absence of infection 2. Diffuse wheezing during expiratory phase of respiration
Any disease process has the potential to result in manifestions of ____ disturbancesGI
What are some environmental factors linked to cleft lip and palate?Folic acid deficiency Alcohol Smoking
Children with cleft palate tend to be predisposed to recurrent __________ as a result of eustachian tube dysfunctionOtitis media
Cleft palate repair occurs within the first ___ months of age18 months
What does ESSR feeding stand for?Enlarge the nipple Stimulate the suck reflex Swallow fluid appropriately Rest when infant signals with facial expression
How should a child with cleft palate repair be positioned?On the abdomen
Which two factors continue to be a problem after cleft lip or palate repair surgery?Speech impairments Middle ear infections
List the labs used to determine severity of dehydration?Serum sodium Serum glucose Serum bicarbonate Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Diarrhea caused by an inflammatory process is called ________.Gastroenteritis
List the most prevalent bacterial pathogens causing diarrhea:Salmonella Shigella Rotavirus
The ______ diet is no longer recommended for children experiencing diarrheaBRAT
Saline solution with 5% dextrose provides the child with ________, ________, and _________.Fluid, Sodium, and Calories
Newborns should pass a first meconium stool within how many hours after birth?24 to 36 hours
The passage of gastric esophageal contents into the oropharynx is called _______.Regurgitation
Which position improves gastric emptying and decreases GER?Prone position
What is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for GER?Nissen fundoplication
GER results primarily from an incompetent _________ ________ _________.Lower esophageal sphincter
What is the most common reason for an abdominal operation during the first 6 months of life?Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
At 4 to 6 months of life the infant with HPS begins to ______ immediately after feedingsVomit
What is the hallmark sign of HPS?Projectile vomiting
What is the surgical treatment for HPS?Pyloromyotomy
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children 3 to six years of age?Intussusception
What is intussusception?The telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another
What is a hallmark sign of intussusception?"Currant jelly" stools
Hirschsprung's disease is also known as _______.Megacolon
Hirschsprung's disease is more common in children with _______ _____.Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
What is the immediate treatment for Hirschsprung's disease?Surgical removal of the affected portion of the bowel
For Hirschsprung's disease, a Soave endorectal pull-through is performed when the child reaches ___ lbs.20 lbs
What are hallmark signs of nephrotic syndrome?Increased body weight Decreased urine output Marked edema
Where is edema commonly seen in a child with nephrotic syndrome?Eyes Abdomen Feet Ankles
What is the principle goal of management of nephrotic syndrome?Reduce the edema
What is the primary means of reducing the edema in nephrotic syndrome?Steroid therapy
Proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoproteinemia is seen in which condition?Nephrotic syndrome
How long does it take steroid therapy to take an effect when treating nephrotic syndrome?7 to 21 days
Measuring abdominal girth is essential in assessing the status of:Fluid retention or excretion
The child with nephrotic syndrome should consume adequate _______ to offset the amount lost through urineProtein
What is the most common form of acute glomerulonephritis?Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)
What commonly preceeds acute glomerulonephrtis?A pneumococcal, streptococcal, or viral infection
ASPGN affects which age group?Early school age; peaks at 6 to 7
In APSGN, the glomeruli become infiltrated with ______WBC's
When do manifestations of APSGN appear?10 to 14 days after streptococcal infection
What color is the urine of a child with acute glomerulonephritis?Tea or cola colored
What is the most common renal and intraabdominal malignant tumor of childhood?Wilms tumor
Wilms tumor is uncommon in children older than ___.6 years
Which kidney is most commonly affected by Wilms tumor?Left kidney
When is a surgical resection performed after diagnosis of a Wilms tumor?As soon as possible; usually 24 to 48 hours
Wilms tumor accounts for __% of all cancers in children5%
How is a screening for hypothyroidism performed at birth?From a sample taken from the baby's heel
Prompt treatment of hypothyroidism is crucial in preventing __________Permanent cognitive impairment
What are the three cardinal signs of diabetes?Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia
Ketones are the product of ____ ________.Fat metabolism
How does the body eliminate excess ketone bodies?Through the urine or lungs
What kind of respirations are present during ketoacidosis?Kussmaul respirations
Ketoacidosis is diagnosed when blood glucose levels are greater than _____ mg/dL200 mg/dL
What causes Hirschsprung disease?Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?Abnormality of the femoral head, acetabulum, or both
What does physical assessment of DDH reveal when the hips are manipulated?Audible clunking sound when the hips are manipulated
How long should the hip remain in abduction after surgery for DDH?4-6 months
What kind of harness is used to maintain the hips in abduction after DDH surgery?Pavlik harness
What are the 5 P's of neurovascular assessment?Pain Pallor Paresthesia Pulselessness Puffiness
Developmental dysplasia of the hip occurs more often in which gender?Girls
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease caused by?Decreased blood supply to the femoral head
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease occurs more often in boys of which ages?4 to 10 years of age