| nervous system | uses chemical signals, stimulated glands, electrical signals and uses blood as a transport medium. Responds fast and have a short duration |
| Endocrine system | uses chemical signals, stimulate glands and conduction occurs very fast, it is largely composed of glands which secrete hormones carried by the bloodstream to target cells throughout the body |
| Exocrine glands | secrete their products into ducts, which take them into the lumens of other organs or outside the body |
| Endocrine glands | secrete their products into the bloodstream, which delivers them throughout the body. |
| Hormones | are a chemical messenger produced in one part of the body and controls the activity of other parts. |
| Hypothalamus | secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones to regulate the activity of the pituitary gland. |
| Aldosterone | involved in the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium. |
| Antidiuretic hormones | provides osmoregulation at the level of the kidneys. |
| Erythropoietin | produced by the kidneys and stimulates the production of red blood cells |
| Pheromones | chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals |
| Leptin | regulates appetite |
| Prostaglandin | causes uterus muscle contraction and prevent thrombosis. |
| Peptide hormone | never enters the cell, it acts as a first messenger, and cAMP can act as its second messenger. |
| Steroid hormone | binds to a receptor inside the nucleus, it diffuses through the plasma membrane, and it forms a complex with the receptor that can activate gene expression. |
| Addison disease | bronzing of the skin due to accumulation of melanin. |
| Tetany | a disease characterized by a dramatic drop in the blood calcium level; the body shakes due to a continuous muscle contraction |
| Osteoporosis | a disease characterized by bone loss due to low calcium deposits in bone tissues. |
| Hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease | nervousness, eye protrusion, appearance of goiter, usually the sweating of the body, and heat sensitivity. |
| Hypothyroidism or myxedema | a disease characterized by hair loss, weight gain, low body temperature and thickness in the skin. |
| How the pituitary gland effects the other glands | receiving a signal from the hypothalamus, releasing a stimulating hormone, reaching the target gland, and then stimulating the target gland to secrete hormones. |
| Long-term stress response of adrenal glands | reduction of inflammation, and sodium ions are reabsorbed by the kidneys. |
| Short term stress response of adrenal glands | heartbeat and blood pressure increase, and muscles become energized. |
| If growth hormone production is low during childhood | pituitary dwarfism will occur |
| If growth hormone production is high during childhood | a person can be a giant |
| If growth hormone production is high in adults | acromegaly results |
| Ecdysone hormones | responsible for the initiation of molting in insects |
| Tropic hormone represents | hormones able to stimulate other glands |
| what hormone does the heart secrete into the blood | ANH hormone |
| what ions does the kidney excrete into the urine and what is this a result of | sodium ions, it is a result of the increase in blood sodium concentration |
