| Sleep apnoea | Intermittent obstruction of upper airways can be complete or partial and must last 10 seconds |
| REM leads to | Decreased muscle tone more at risk of apnoea |
| Conqs of apnoea | sleepy, hypertension, MI, CCF, stroke, diabetes |
| OSA TXs | Weight loss, CPAP, mandibular device |
| Lower airway obstruction | Asthma, COPD |
| Obstructive vs restrictive | Obstructive longer to force out restrictive less capacity to fill lungs so dec. FVC1 and FVC |
| Astham attack causes | Contraction of smooth muscle, swelling of inner lining and increased mucous production |
| Diurnal readings show peak flow for asthmatics is worse when | in the morning |
| What to do in acute asthma attack | SABA, oxygen, systemic steroids and call 999 |
| What is COPD | Airflow limitation not fully reversible assoc. with abnormal infalm response to noxios particles |
| COPD cormorbids | Diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, osteosclerosis and inflam gum disease |
| Patho of COPD | Smoking inc. reactive O2 species triggers inflam cells releases proteases whcih causes lung damage |
| What does corticosteroid use lead to an increase chance of getting | pneumonias |
| What is pnuemonia | Swelling/inflammation of the lung tissue |
| Tx for COPD | Oxygen delivery but less than asthma |
| What is prednisolone 30mg | Steroid for severe COPD excaberation |
| Why might antibiotics be given to COPD | When green sputum is seen (excacerbated) |
| Acute bronchitis signs | Prev. well, cough usually viral related, look for sinus infection, post nasal drip etc. |
| CAP signs | symptoms of acute lower resp disease e.g. focal chest signs |
| Are CAP patients usually healthy | no |
| Foreign bodies can cause | Can cause chest infections, bronchiectasis, lobal collapse, large airway obstruction may be an emergency |
