| Define internal energy | The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object |
| Define specific heat capacity | the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount |
| Wats the specific latent heat? | Heat for which the amount of energy to change the state of 1kg of substance without changing its temperature |
| Define temperature | Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance |
| Define heat | Is the energy transfer of thermal energy between molecules within a system |
| What are the two ways to increase the internal energy of something? | Increase the work done to it
Increase the heat applied to it |
| Whats the equation 'E = m x c x Change in theta' mean | Energy change* = mass x specific heat capacity x temerature change
*(input/ output/ absorbed/ gained etc...) |
| Whats the equation 'E = ml' mean | Energy needed for a change of state = mass x latent heat |
| Define thermal equilibrium | Objects at the same temperature have no net transfer of energy |
| Whats the 0th law of thermodynamics state? | If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third objects, then the must also be in equilibrium with eachother |
| Whats absolute temperature proportional to? | Is proportional to average kinetic energy of the molecules |
| What does absolute temperature not depend on | What the substance is |
| For two different materials of the same temperature what can be garaneteed about them | Same average kinetic energies of the molecules |
| State what thermodynamics 1, 2, 3 is | 1. All things tend towards thermal equilibrium in a closed system (i.e heat dissipated)
2. Heat moves from hot to cold and the rate of the transfere is proportinal to the energy difference
3. absolute zero would be the same for all substances if the molecules could have 0 kinetic energy |
| In the context of thermal energy what is the 'kinetic model' | Varying kinetc energies and electrostatic forces of attraction of substances |
| What would make the potential energy of two particles larger? | Space them farther apart |
| Whats the flat parts of a temperature energy graph represent? | Changing of state |
| Whats the slanted parts of a temperature energy graph represent? | Changes in temperature obviosuly
Also the changing in energy |
| Define a solid | Particles held with string forces of attraction
Formation of a regular 3D latice
They vibrate in the spot |
| Define a liquid | Particles are free to move around
Random formation |
| Define a gas | Particles have negiligible forces of attraction
Move at high speeds
Move in random directions |
| Whats Change in Q = ml equivilent to | Qt = ml
Where t = time |
| Why does the kinetic energy not change during a change of state | Because there’s no change in temperature
Energy is going into breaking the intermolecular forces between molecules |
