| graves disease | • Abs against TSH receptor
• Age: 20-40yrs
- Exophthalmos + dermopathy
Deposition of ECM
• Infiltration of mononuclear cells
• Edema. + Increase number of adipocytes. |
| goiter | - Ingestion of substances which interfere with hormone synthesis like cabbage, cauliflower
- hereditary enzymatic defects.
• Large neck mass fibrosis, hemorrhage, calcification, cystic change
- crowded columnar cells, papillae + enlarged colloid rich gland + multilobulate |
| hashimoto’s disease | • Autoimmunity due to abnormalities of regulatory T cells
• Age: 45-65yrs
– LYMPHOID FOLLICLES + DESTRUCTION OE THYROID CELLS.
– HURTHLE CELLS |
| Follicular adenoma | - painless mass , Cold nodule ,MICRO-follicular
• encapsulated
• Bulges above the surface and compresses surrounding tissue
• Hurthle cell type
-CAPSULAR &/or Vascular invasion |
| Papillary carcinoma | - age 25-50
• Genetic (RET/PTC (radiation background) & BRAF gene mutations)
- Painless mass in neck, may be multifocal |
| Follicular carcinoma | age 40-60
RAS & PIK3CA mutation presentation may occur as a ‘pulsatile mass in bone’ |
| Anaplastic carcinoma | >65years
-rapidly growing bulky mass, compromising vital structures in the neck
- Pleomorphic tumor cells, giant cells, spindle cells, |
| Medullary carcinoma | From the C cells
• mass, dysphagia, hoarseness • secrete calcitonin
✓ HYALINIZATION
- activating RET mutations |
