| What is. the process by which certain cells engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris? | Phagocytosis |
| The nurse explains that because it is a reliable and predictable indicator of the body's level of infection or the recovery ___________is a common diagnostic tool. | Differential |
| The nurse is assessing a differential sees an increase in immature neutrophils (bands) and is aware that this indicates | an overwhelming bacterial infection |
| B cells and T cells fit under which classification? | Lymphocytes |
| The nurse explains that in the event of an. invasion of an allergen, the basophils release a strong vasodilator, which is | Histamine |
| The presence of excess bands in the peripheral blood that indicate severe infection is called? | A shift to left |
| A patient who had a Schilling test shows a 20% excretion of the radioactive vitamin B12. What should this indicate? | The patient has a normal finding and does not have pernicious anemia |
| In an adult, where are erythrocytes continuously produce? | Red bone marrow |
| What does the elevation in the eosinophil count to 10% indicate? | Allergy (normal values of eosinophils are 1% - 4%. An elevation to 10% would indicate the presence of an allergic reaction.) |
| What would a nurse include in a teaching plan for a home health patient with a hemoglobin of 8.4mg? | Alternating activity with rest periods (severely anemic patients need to conserve there energy. observing a rest period after a period of activity will reduce Hypoxia. O2 may be used as necessary) |
| Approximately how much blood is stored in the spleen that can be released in a hypovolemic emergency? | 500ml's (Spleen stores 1 pint of blood, 500ml's, which can be released during emergencies) |
| The nurse caring for a patient with pernicious anemia should make provisions for? | Lightweight blanket (persons with pernicious anemia are especially sensitive to cold. The provision of a light blanket is beneficial) |
| When instructing the patient taking an oral liquid iron preparation, what should the nurse include? | Information relative to taking preparation through a straw to prevent staining of teeth. (all oral iron preparations should be taken before meals.
dairy products interfere with absorption of iron) |
| When the 14-year-old African American boy comes into the emergency room in sickle cell crisis, what should be the primary focus of care? | Pain control (opioids are mainstays of pain management. IV fluids to reduce viscosity of blood and O2 for relief of dyspnea are important,but pain control is paramount) |
| The mother of a 4 year old child with leukemia says to the nurse, "I don't understand why he is crying about his legs hurting." The nurse's most informative response would be based in the information that bone pain is related to? | Bone marrow congested with white cells (Long bone pain is the result of bone marrow that is congested with immature white cells) |
| What must a patient undergo before a bone marrow transplant? | Total body irradiation to kill all the marrow cells (Patient must undergo total body irradiation or chemo to kill all the marrow cells and leukemic cells. The patient is at major risk for infection at this time.) |
| The 9 year old child with leukemia who is on palliative care has drawn a picture of a boy under a huge black cloud that has lightning coming out of it. Which of the following would be an appropriate intervention for the nurse? | What is the picture about (Asking what a child has drawn is a neutral and nonthreatening question. Do not interpret drawing) |
| The home health nurse recommends to the mother of a 12 year old child with leukemia that the child should have? | annual influenza vaccine (should have annual flu Vaccine and pneumococcal Vaccine every 5 years) |
| When patient statement from a 15 year old girl with Thrombocytopenia would require more assessment to report to the charge nurse? | For some reason I have bad constipation (constipation is a common symptom that should be reported to the health care provider if it develops) |
| A 23 year old male patient with hemophilia A says" How can I keep my children from having hemophilia a? which of the following is the most informative response? | Your daughter may be a carrier and her children may have hemophilia a. your son is not a risk. (Hemophilia A is an X-linked trait. Females are carriers, therefore the patient's daughter could pass the disease to her sons. The patient's sons are not at risk for hemophilia a) |
| A child with hemophilia is hospitalized with hemarthrosis. Which of the following should the nurse caring for that child include in the plan of care? | Remain aware of any erythema, cuts or bruising of any size that the child experiences or reports. (The nurse should also monitor the child's temperature and reports pain.) |
| In caring for a patient with multiple myeloma, what should the nurse include in the daily care? | Provisions for close supervision and assistance when ambulating? (constant threat of pathologic fractures, ambulation should be carefully supervised and assisted. Uric Acid is increased and may crystalize in the kidney, but straining is not necessary. Analgesia is necessary for relief of bone pain.) |
| The nurse is aware that a person with Hodgkin's disease, who has two or more abnormal lymph node area into a nearby organ, would be in | Stage II (Indicates that there are two or more abnormal lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm and dance that extends from a lymph node area into a nearby organ.) |
| The nurse explains that a positron emission tomography (PET) has been ordered to: | Determine the extent of possible metastasis. (PET can aid in the staging of disease by determining the extent of any metastasis in the liver, lungs, or bones) |
| Which of the following foods would the nurse recommend to a person with iron-deficiency anemia as an excellent meat source for erythropoiesis? | Dark meat of chicken |
| The peripheral smear is a diagnostic test that: | Examines the shape and structure of RBC's |
| The typical medical treatment of polycythemia vera involves repeated phlebotomies and medications such as busulfan (Myleran) in order to: | Inhibit bone marrow activity |
| Which of the following would the nurse explain as a type of leukemia that affects noticeably more children and teens than adults? | Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) |
| The nurse is aware that persons of the Jehovah's Witness faith accept which types of blood transfusions? | Autologous blood transfusions |
| Which mandatory practice is the most effective and significant nursing practice to prevent the spread of infection? | Strict and frequent hand washing by all people having contact with the patient |
| What is the average lifespan of an erythrocyte? | 120 days |
| Because older adults suffer from conditions such as colonic diverticula, hiatal hernia, and ulcerations that can cause occult bleeding, the nurse should assess for symptoms of: | Iron-deficiency anemia |
| The nurse explains that the treatment of hemophilia has been revolutionized with the advent of the use of: | recombinant factors VIII and IX |
| From which location would bone marrow sample come in the aspiration of a 25-year-old patient? | Posterior iliac crest |
| Which is the first step in the process of homeostasis? | release of clotting factor from injured tissue |
| Which is the last step of the process that stimulates the increase in the production of red blood cells? | Decrease in red blood cell production |
| What are the most likely matches for a bone marrow transplant to a 10 year old with leukemia? | Self, brother, and sister |
| The spleen is a highly vascularized organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. What are the main functions of the spleen? | Serve as reservoir for blood, Destroy worn-out RBC's, Promote phagocytosis |
| The nurse examines the complete blood count (CBC) to assess: | Hematocrit, Red Cell count, differential white blood cell count, hemoglobin |
| Which of the following are necessary factors that support healthy erythropoiesis? | Healthy bone marrow and kidney function, vitamin b-12, Amino Acids, Vitamin B2 |
| The nurse caring for a patient in the emergency room with suspected internal injuries will assess for hypovolemic shock, which is evidenced by: | Irritability, restlessness, pallor, hypotension |
| Which of the following are "B" symptoms of a patient with Hodgkin disease? | Night sweats, Fever |
| ___________ are leukocytes that destroy and remove cellular waste, bacteria, and solid particles. | Neutrophils |
| The person with aplastic anemia is said to be ________because all three major blood elements (RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets) are diminished or absent. | Pancytopenic |
| The nurse clarifies that ferrous_________replaces iron stores needed for red blood cell production. | Sulfate |
| Neutrophils release___________, an enzyme that destroys certain bacteria. | Lysozyme |
| The Reed-Sternberg cell is the hallmark diagnostic indicator for ________ disease. | Hodgkin |
| A grave coagulopathy resulting from the overstimulation of clotting process in response to disease, or injury including septicemia, obstetric complications, malignancies, tissue trauma, transfusion reaction, burns, shock, and snake bites. | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |
| Overproduction of circulating erythrocytes | Erthrocytosis |
| Form of the sickle cell anemia, where by the individual has Hb-S and Hgb A(Hb-A) in the RBC's. | Heterozygous (having 2 different genes) |
| Having 2 identical genes inherited from each parent for a given hereditary characteristic for Hb-S | Homozygous |
| Immune thrombocytopenic purport, or ITP, is an autoimmune disease | Idiopathic |
| An inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels or channels that usually results from an acute streptococcal or staphylococcal infection in an extremity | Lymphangitis |
| A primary or secondary disorder characterized by the accumulation of lymph in soft tissue and edema. | Lymphedema |
| Blood factors (the result of gene cloning) is improving long-term survival rates | Recombinant |
| 4 main blood types | A,B, AB, O |
| Is a network of capillaries, ducts, nodes, organs, and valves that filter and protect. | Lymphatic System |
| What is a common cause of DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation | Abruptio Placentae |
| A fatal condition characterized by severe reduction in the # of granulocytes | Agranulocytes |
| The most common cause of increased destruction of platelets, drug reduced or immune mediated | Thrombocytopenic purpura |
| A bleeding disorder of abnormally slow coagulation, GI Bleed, epistaxis, and gingival bleed | Von Willebrand's Disease |
| Increases the risk of DVT, PE, Heart Attack, and Stroke T | Polycythemia Vera |
| The most common genetic disorder in the US, abnormal, crescent shaped RBC | Sickle cell Anemia |
| A lab test that is very important test to confirm and diagnose many disease process? | Complete blood count (CBC) |
| Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia | confusion, tachycardia, hypotension |
| What test is rarely used to test pernicious anemia which was replaced by serum test? | Schilling Test |
| True or False Lymph nodes enlarge in the body due to becoming overwhelmed by filtering virus and bacteria? | True |
| Eosinophils play a role in allergic reactions , the normal values? | 1 - 4% |
| What is the body process that arrests the flow of blood to prevent hemorrhage? | Leukocytes |
| True or False RH positive baby who is born to an RH negative mother needs RH immune globulin to be given | True |
| A severe, chronic, incurable disease occurs in Hb-S individuals | Homozygous |
| What is include in the Lymphatic System | Spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymphatic tissue |
| What is the main function of the Lymphatic system? | Maintain fluid balance, production of lymphocytes, and absorption and transportation of lipids from the intestine to the bloodstream |
| What is a Lymphatic vessel? | A thin walled vessels structured like blood vessels that carry lymph |
| What is the Lymphatic system a vital part of | Immune system |
| What are good sources of iron | Organ meat, Dark meat chicken, leafy vegetables, dried fruit |
| If a patient is given the wrong blood type during transfusion what will happen? | It will kill the patient |
| What is the major cellular element of circulating blood. It gives blood its rich red color | Red blood cells (RBC), erythrocytes |
| What has a nuclei, colorless, and have a life span ranging from a few days to several years. Its main function is body defense. | Leukocytes, WBC |
| What are the smallest cells in the blood. They do not contain a nuclei. life span of 5 to 9 days | Thrombocytes (Platelets) |
| What is the process of Red blood cells called | Erythropoieis |
| What is Hemophilia? | A hereditary coagulation disorder |
| What is Thrombocytopenia? | A decrease in the number of circulating platelets leading to bleeding |
| The first step-in the clotting mechanism is the production of ___________ | Hemostatic plug |
| Where are lymph nodes located? | Groin, armpits, neck, chest, and abdomen |
| What does a B-cell is/does? | A type of WBC of the lymphocyte sub type. They search out, identify, and bind with specific antigens to produce antibody. |
| What a T-cell is/does? | Type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland and plays a central role in the immune response. |
| Define/describe what a Dendric Cells do? | Antigen-presenting cells (known accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their main function to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. |
| Define mastassize? | The spread from one part of the body to another |
| Define lymphadenopathy | It is a disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency. |
| Define Filariasis | A parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarious type |
| Define what Macrophages do | large phagocytic cels found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection. |
