| what are one of the greatest challenges in nursing is what? | to provide comfort |
| what does comfort mean ? | to give
strength and hope, to cheer, and to ease the grief, pain, or trouble of another |
| what is a vital aspect of nursing ? | physical and psychological comfort |
| what are the many forms of lacking comfort ? | anxiety
grief
headache
pain
powerless
fear |
| what is helpful for planning nursing interventions ? | actively listening |
| knowing the possible elements of patient discomfort allows what ? | recognition of discomfort signals even when the patient is not able too |
| list the following of behavioral characteristics of patients ? | is self protective
has narrowed focus: can't think anything else except for pain
has impaired thoughts
vital sign changes: bp is high/heart rate is higher/eye pupils big |
| what is noxious ? | injurious to the physical health |
| what is pain ? | a warning to the body |
| often a cardinal symptom of inflammation and is valuable in the diagnosis of many disorders and conditions ? | PAIN |
| what is another way of pain can occur when there is no tissue damage ? | emotional pain |
| what can pain cause ? | fatigue
decrease to cope with physically, emotionally, and mentally |
| who believed every patient who says he or she is in pain ? | McCafferey and Passeros |
| who knows where the patients pain is exact location is at ? | the patient that's in pain |
| is felt at a site other than the injured or diseased organ or part of the body ? | Reffered pain |
| is intense and of short duration, usually lasting less than 6 months ? | Acute pain |
| flooding the body with epinephrine and commonly referred to as ? | flight-or-flight response |
| generally is characterized as pain lasting longer then 6 months ? | chronic pain |
| what can chronic pain be linked to ? | arthritis, back injuries, fibromyalgia, accidents, or neurologic conditions |
| with chronic pain what do most patients develop ? | low-self esteem
change in social identity
changes in role and social interaction |
| fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression ? | synergistic |
| pain suggest that pain impulses are regulated and even blocked by gating mechanisms located along the central nervous system ? | gate control theory |
| how is the pain impulse must travel is blocked temporarily by what ? | stimuli |
| the body produces morphine-like substances called ? | endorphins |
| what does the fifth vital sign indicate ? | the presence of pain known and raises awareness of the problem of unmanaged pain |
| is a helpful way to discuss about reporting pain ? | comparing the pain scale |
| has harmful physical effects, such as increased oxygen demand, respiratory dysfunction, decreased gastrointestinal ? | unrelieved pain |
| erodes a patients trust in the health care system and possibly leads to setbacks and increased costs in treatment ? | neglected pain |
| when calming the patient because of pain what do you ask for them to do ? | to image a relaxing moment or favorite memory to ease and distract them from the pain |
| entails the use of a pocket-sized, battery-operated device that provides a continuous, mild electric current to the skin ? | transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) |
| anything that enters the body ? | invasive |
| are nerve blocks, epidural analgesics, neurosurgical procedures, and acupuncture ? | invasive techniques |
| what blocks pain impulses in the CNS and reduce inflammation ? | Aspirin |
| what is the maximum recommended dosage of acetaminophen is what ? | 4000 mg (4 g) in 24 hours |
| decrease the perception of the pain by binding to pain receptor sites in the CNS ? | Opioids |
| the danger of morphine and other opioid analgesics is their potential to cause what ? | depression of vital nervous system functions |
