| Giuseppe Garibaldi | helped lead Italy to unification |
| Otto Von Bismarck | unification of Germany |
| Social Darwinism | “survival of the fittest”, people are subject to the same natural selection laws as plants and animals |
| Nationalism | patriotic feelings or efforts |
| Berlin Conference | European countries split up Africa |
| Meiji Restoration | Japan’s adoption of technology |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | filipino military leader that led their Independence from Spain |
| Emiliano Zapata | 1st president of Mexican republic |
| Poncho Villa | famed Mexican revolutionary and guerilla leader |
| Venustiano Carranza | “land belongs to the tiller” |
| Boer War | 1899-1902, Guerilla warfare, 20,000 deaths, British won, peace treaty signed in 1902 |
| Sphere of influence | country or territory in which a country affects another |
| Protectorate | country that is controlled and protected by another |
| Colony | country or area under control of another country, usually distant |
| King Leopold ll | 2nd king of Belgians, control and exploitation of Congo |
| Cecil Rhodes | British business man who served as prime monster of Cape Colony |
| Boxer Rebellion | violent anti-foreigner uprising in China |
| Queen Liliuokalani | 1st queen and lazy monarch of Hawaii |
| Roosevelt Corollary | U.S. will intervene if threatened by a European country |
