| What is Natriuresis | increased sodium excretion |
| What is Kaliuresis | Increased potassium excretion |
| What is Aquaretics | net excretion of water |
| What type of diuretics target the proximal convulated tubule | Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors such as Acetazolamide |
| Mode of action of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors | Inhibits action of carbonic anhydrase in brush border & PCT cell
Can cause metabolic acidosis due to loss of HCO3 |
| What type of diuretics target the Loop of Henle ( TAL ) | Loop diuretics --> (Furosemide, Bumetanide ) |
| Mode of action of loop diuretic | Loop diuretics block Na-K-2 Cl transporter which basically means that both Na+/K+ are not reabsorbed which therefore can lead to hypokalaemia |
| Where do Thiazide diuretics | Distal Convulated Tubule ( Indapamide, Metalazone ) |
| Mode of action of Thiazide diuretic | Block Na - Cl transporter in DCT
Increases Na⁺ (and H2O) loss / K+ loss
Reduces Ca loss in urine
Less potent diuretics than loop diuretics |
| What type of diuretics target the collecting duct | Na⁺ channel blockers: Amiloride
Aldosterone antagonists: Spironolactone |
| Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors, what are they used for | Treatment of Glaucoma |
| What is mannitol used to treat for | Cerebral oedema
Freely filtered at the glomerulus, but not reabsorbed increases the osmolarity of the filtrate
Causes loss of water, Na⁺ and K⁺ in the urine |
| What is the mode of action for Aldosterone Antagonist | This is a competitive inhibitor of the aldosterone receptor which decreases Na+ reabsorption
Since aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption
This can lead to K+ levels to increase and lead to hyperkalaemia which is life threatening |
| What adverse effects can Loop diuretics and Thiazide diuretics cause | increase the loss of potassium in the urine may cause Hypokalaemia |
| What adverse effects can Aldosterone antagonist and K+ sparring medication cause | reduce excretion of potassium in the urine may cause Hyperkalaemia |
