| What is an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) ? | A conference among representatives of the governments of the EU member states. |
| What were some New Conflicts that happened after the Fall of the Soviet Union? | Chechen wars, civil war in former Yugoslavia and the break up of Czechoslovakia. |
| By which threaty did the EU go from a Community to a Union? | By the treaty of Maastricht in 1992 which entered into force in 1993. |
| What were some of the effects of the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992? (Mention 3) | New powers were given to the EP, a lot of spillovers in different policy areas, and economic integration lead to social policies. |
| What are the 3 Pillar System of the Treaty of Maastricht? | Community, common foreign & security policy and justice and home affairs. |
| What is Stage 1 of the Process of the Single European Act? | Removal of last barriers for the free movement of capital and independence of the central banks. |
| What is Stage 2 of the Process of the Single European Act? | Involves the coordination of monetary policy such as the convergence criteria and the establishment of the European Monetary Institute. |
| What is Stage 3 of the Process of the Single European Act? | The permanent fixing of exchange rates and the creation of the ECB. |
| What is the definition of the Convergence Criteria? | Standards that EU member states must achieve before being allowed to adopt the Euro. |
| In order to adopt the Euro, a state would have to meet 5 Convergence Criteria which are? | Budget deficit, public debt, inflation, interest rates and exchange rates. |
| What is the European Economic Area (EEA) ? | An agreement under which EFTA member states were given access to the single European market without full EU members. |
| Which Criteria were designed for the future members of the European Union? | The Copenhagen criteria. |
| What is the Copenhagen Criteria? | The requirements for EU membership include democracy, market economy and adopting all existing EU laws. |
| What is the Acquis Communautaire? | The body of treaties, laws and regulations adopted by the EU. |
| What is Euroscepticism? | The growing doubts about the idea of European integration. |
| What is Democratic Deficit? | The notion that political institutions lack transparency, openness and direct accountability to its citizens. |
| Why was the Common Foreign Security Policy weak? | It was intergovernmental and countries could veto or block decisions. |
| What is Enhanced Cooperation? | The procedure that allows member states that wish to proceed more rapidly in a policy areas to do so within the EU legal framework. |
| What is the Lisbon Strategy? | An attempt made in 2000 with the goal of making the EU within 10 years the most dynamic and competitive economy in the world. |
| The end of the Soviet Union brought American dominance and politically there was more consensus about what?? | Liberal democracy and free competition in a market economy. |
| What are 2 examples of Enhanced Cooperation? | The Schengen Agreement and the adoption of the Euro. |
