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level: Labeling techniques in immunoassay

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level questions: Labeling techniques in immunoassay

Question	Answer
2 TYPES OF IMMUNOASSAY FORMAT	1. HETEROGENOUS 2. HOMOGENOUS
INVOLVES A SOLID PHASE (MICROWELL AND BEADS) AND REQUIRE WASHING STEPS TO REMOVE UNBOUND ANTIGENS OR ANTIBODY	HETEROGENOUS
ONLY CONSIST OF LIQUID PHASE AND DO NOT REQUIRE WASHING STEPS. RELATIVELY EASIER AND FASTER.	HOMOGENOUS
TYPES OF IMMUNOASSAY	ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY CHEMILUMINESCENCE ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY
DESIGNED TO DETECT ANTIGEN OR ANTIBODIES BY PRODUCING AN ENZYME-TRIGGERED COLOR CHANGE	ELISA- ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
USES A NONISOTOPIC LABEL THAT OFFERS SAFETY WHICH IN THIS CASE, AN ENZYME:	HIGH DEGREE OF STABILITY EXTREME SPECIFICITY ABSENCE FROM AG OR AB NO ALTERATION BY INHIBITOR WITHIN THE SYSTEM
AN ANTIGEN SPECIFIC ENZYME IS ATTAHCED TO A _____SURFACE	SOLID PHASE
SAMPLE WHICH MAY CONTAIN THE ANTIGEN IS ADDED ENZYME LABELLED ANTIBODY (CONJUGATE) IS ADDED A CHROMOGENIC SUBSTANCE IS ADDED TO HAVE FINAL RESULT WHICH IS COLOR CHANGE	ANTIGEN DETECTION
ANTIBODY IS DETECTED DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO A COLOR CHANGE	NONCOMPETITIVE ENZYME ASSAY
ANTIBODY IS DETECTED INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE COLOR CHANGE	COMPETITIVE ENZYME ASSAY
SPECIFIC ANTIBODY AGAINST SPECIFIC DISEASE IS BEING MEASURED	CAPTURE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
REFERS TO THE LIGHT EMISSIION PRODUCED DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION	CHEMILUMINESCENCE
MOST CHEMICALS USED IN THIS METHOD ARE STABLE AND NONTOXIC	CHEMILUMINESCENCE
COMPETITION BETWEEN LABELLED ANTIGEN AND PATIENT ANTIGEN (INVERSE)	COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY
LABELLED ANTIBODY ATTACH TO AG-AB COMPLEX WHICH LIGHTS UP.	SANDWICH IMMUNOASSAY
DETECTS LIGHT EMITTED	PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
ENZYME OR RADIOISOTOPE ARE REPLACED BY FLUORESCENT MOLECULE	IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
FLUORESCENT COMPOUND WITH HIGH AFFINITY TO PROTEINS AND AG-AB COMPLEXES	FITC(FLUORESCEIN ISOTHIOCYANATE-
DIRECT ADDITION OF FLUORESCEIN	DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ASSAY-
INCLUDES WASHING	INHIBITION IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ASSAY
FOLLOWS THE THEORY THAT ANTIBODY CAN ALSO BE AN ANTIGEN. WIDELY USED IN DETECTION OF DIVERSE ANTIBODIES	INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ASSAY-
USE OF SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTAL AS A FLUORESCENT LABELING ANTIBODIES	QUANTUM DOTS (Q DOTS)
SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE (SQUID) DETECTS ANTIBODY THAT IS TAGGED TO ANTIGEN THROUGH SUPERMAGNETIC PARTICLE	SQUID TECHNOLOGY
MOVEMENT OF SINGLET OXYGEN THROUGH THE USE OF LIGHT ENERGY	LUMINISCENT OXYGEN-CHANNELING IMMUNOASSAY (LOCI)
TYRAMIDE SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION(TSA) DETECTS B-CELL CLONALITY IN TISSUE SPECIMENS (IMMUNOHISTOPATH)	SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION TECHNOLOGY-
USED IN AUTOMATED DNA SEQUENCES IN DNA DETECTION, SHORTER TURN AROUND TIME	MAGNETIC LABELING TECHNOLOGY-
A TYPE OF ELISA WHICH IS TIME SPECIFIC TO EXCLUDE BACKGROUND INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT	TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY
BASED ON THE RATE OF ROTATION OF CONJUGATE. REDUCED ROTATION MEANS BONDING	FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY
USES FLUORESCENT MOLECULES TO BRIGHTLY “PAINT” GENES OR CHROMOSOMES	FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH)
CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMATED TESTING	PREANALYTICAL ANALYTICAL POSTANALYTICAL HARMONIZATION
LABELLING, ACCESSIONING AND TRACKING	PREANALYTICAL
AUTOMATED RESULTS ENTRY, QC, VALIDATION, LIS	ANALYTICAL
PATIENT REPORTS, RECORDS, NETWORK TO OTHER SYSTEM	POSTANALYTICAL
PROCESS IN TAKING STEPS TO ACHIEVE UNIFORMITY OF RESULTS BY DIFFERENT GROUPS	HARMONIZATION
COMPLEXES FORMED FROM SERUM (ANALYTE) AND REAGENT WILL ALLOW THE LIGHT TO SCATTER WHEN PASSED THROUGH THE SOLUTION. THEREFORE, NEPHELOMETRY IS THE MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT SCATTERED	NEPHELOMETRY
DETECTS THE LIGHT SCATTERED PHOTOMETRICALLY	PHOTODIODE
PEG	POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL- ACTS AS STABILIZER OF THE SOLUTION
THE AMOUNT OF SCATTERED LIGHT IS _______ TO THE AMOUNT OF INSOLUBLE COMPLEXES.	DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE QUANTITY OF ANTIGEN AND MEASURING SIGNAL AT A CONSTANT ANTIBODY CONCENTRATION.	HEIDELBERGER CURVE
LIGH IS SCATTERED IN VARIETY OF ANGLES- SIDE, FORWARD AND BACK SCATTER	PHYSICAL BASIS
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE IS USED AS A LIGHT SOURCE (840nm) AND SILICON PHOTODIODE AS DETECTOR	OPTICAL SYSTEM
EMPTY CUVETTE IS USED AS BLANK, CALCULATION IS AUTOMATICALLY PERFORMED BY SYSTEM COMPUTER	MEASURING METHOD
RAPID, REPRODUCIBLE AND SIMPLE TO OPERATE	ADVANTAGE
HIGH MATERIAL COST, INTERFERRING SUBSTANCE SUCH AS BACTERIA THAT MAY CAUSE PROTEIN DENATURATION AND LIPEMIA THAT MAY EXCEED THE PRESET LIMITS.	DISADVANTAGE
THESE ARE PROTEINS THAT PRECIPITATE OR GEL AT COLD TEMPERATURE. CAUSES COLD PRECIPITATES DURING BLOOD TESTING.	CRYOGLUBULINS
IN 1917, EINSTEIN SPECULATED THAT UNDER CERTAIN CONDITION, LIGHT COULD BE ABSORBED BY ATOMS THEN BE STIMULATED TO SHED ITS GAINED LIGHT. LASER HAS NOW BEEN WIDELY USED BOTH INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.	FLOW CELL CYTOMETRY
LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION. A CONCENTRATED BEAM OF LIGHT COMPOSED OF ONE OR UNIFORM WAVELENGTH	LASER
BASIC UNIT OF ALL RADIATION	PHOTON
BASED ON STAINING CELLS WITH FLUOROCHROME DYES THAT EXCITES AND FLUORESCE WHEN PASSED WITH LASER LIGHT THAT IS DETECTED BY A PHOTODETECTOR. THEREFORE, FLOW CELL CYTOMETRY IS THE MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT PRODUCED BY THE REACTED CELLULAR COMPONENT	FLOW CELL CYTOMETRY
ACRIDINE ORANGE AND THIOFLAVIN T.	DYES USED
GAS LASER, KRYPTON	LASER USED
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHOD FOR FLOW CELL CYTOMETRY. DETECTS DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELL BY THEIR CD	CLINICAL USE
USES 4 LASER LIGHT OFTEN PRODUCES 16 DIFFERENT COLORS. OFFERS GREAT SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY	MULTICOLOR IMMUNOFLOURESCENCE
WHOLE BLOOD, ASPIRATES, BONE MARROW CAN ALL BE USED IN FLOW CELL CYTOMETRY. EDTA IS THE ANTICOAGULANT OF CHOICE.	SPECIMEN