| pruritus | the symptoms of itching, tingling, or burning |
| vesicle | circumscribed elevation of the skin filled with serious fluid; smaller than 0.5 cm at the corner of the mouth, on the lips, or on the nose |
| exudate | fluid, cells, or other substances that have been slowly exuded, or discharged, from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes |
| excoriation | injury to the surface layer of the skin caused by scratching or abrasion |
| macules | small flat blemishes flush with the skin surface |
| pustulant vesicles | small, circumscribed elevations of the skin that contain pus |
| suppuration | production of purulent material |
| papules | small, raised, solid skin lesions less than 1 cm in diameter |
| urticaria | the presence of wheals or hives in an allergic reaction, commonly used by drugs, food, insect bites, inhalants, emotional stress, or exposure to heat or cold |
| wheals | round elevation of the skin; white in the center with a pale red periphery |
| pediculosis | lice infestation |
| keloid | an overgrowth of collagenous scar tissue at the site of the skin wound |
| verruca | is a benign, viral, warty like skin lesion with a rough, papillomatous (nipple like) growth pattern |
| nevi | (singular, nevus) or moles, are pigmented, congenital skin blemishes that are usually benign but may become cancerous |
| alopecia | the loss of hair |
| contractures | shortening or tension of muscles that affects extension |
| curling's ulcer | a duodenal ulcer that develops 8 to 14 days after severe burns on the surface of the body; the first sign is usually vomiting of bright red blood |
| rule of nine | determines the TBSA burned; divides the body into multiples of nine |
| eschar | black, leathery, crust (i.e. a slough) that the body forms over burned tissue; eschar can harbor microorganisms and cause infection |
| debridement | removal of damaged tissue and cellular debris from a wound or burn to prevent infection and to promote healing |
| autograft | surgical transplantation of any tissue from one part of the body to another location in some patients |
| homograft (allograft) | the transfer of two tissues between tow genetically dissimilar individuals of the same species, such as the skin transplant from another person who is not an identical twin ( often a cadaver) |
| heterograft (xenograft) | tissue is from another species, such as a pig or cow used as a temporary graft |
| arthrocentesis | is the puncture of a pt joint with a needle and the withdrawal of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes |
| ankylosis | the accompanying fixation of the joint |
| tophi | calculi containing sodium rate deposits that develop in periarticular fibrous tissue, typically in its with gout |
| sequestrum | a fragment of necrotic bone that is partially or entirely detached from the surrounding or adjacent healthy bone |
| fibromyalgia | is a chronic syndrome or unknown origin that causes pain in the muscle, bones or joints |
| arthrodesis | surgical fusion of a joint; it can be performed when severe joint destruction has occurred |
| arthroplasty | Total joint replacement; repair or refashioning of one or both sides, parts, or specific tissue within a joint ; often is required on the elbow, knee, or shoulder joint to restore or increase mobility |
| bipolar hip replacement (hemiarthroplasty) | prosthetic implant used to replace the femoral head and the neck in hip fractures when the vascular supply to the femoral head is or may become compromised |
| colles fracture | fractures of the distal portion of the radius within 1 inch of the wrist joint; commonly occurs when a person attempts to break a fall by putting the hands down |
| open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) | a surgical procedure allowing fracture alignment under direct visualization while using various internal fixation devices applied to the bone |
| crepitus | sound that resembles the crackling noise heard when rubbing hair between the fingers or throwing salt on an open fire. it is associated with gas gangrene, the rubbing of bone fragments, or the crackles of a consolidated area of lung in pneumonia |
| compartment syndrome | is a pathologic condition caused by the progressive development of arterial vessels compression and reduced blood supply to one of the body's compartments, typically in an extremity |
| volkmann's contracture | is a permanent contracture( with clawhand, flexion of wrist and fingers, and atrophy of the forearm |
| paresthesia | numbness or tingling |
| blanching test | meaning to whiten or pale, is a test of the rate of capillary refills, which is a signal of circulation; aka capillary nail refill test |
| scoliosis | curvature of the spine |
| kyphosis | a rounding of the thoracic spine ( hump-backed appearance) |
| lordosis | an increase in the curve at the lumbar space region that throws the shoulders back, resulting in a sway-backed gait |
