| What are the 3 methods of heat transfer? | Conduction, Convection, Radiation |
| What is conduction? | Heat transfer when things are in contact. |
| What is a heat conductor? | Material that allows heat to move easily through. |
| What materials are good heat conductors? | Metals |
| What materials are poor heat conductors? | Non-Metals |
| What states of matter are poor conductors of heat? | Liquids and gases. |
| Describe the process of heat conduction. | As heat energy is added, particles vibrate. Vibrations are passed on from particle to particle. This transfers heat throughout the object. |
| What can we call bad conductors of heat? | Good thermal insulators. |
| What are thermal insulators used for? | To slow down the conduction of thermal energy. |
| How do thermal insulators work? | By trapping pockets of air to slow conduction. |
| What is convection? | Heat transfer taking place in liquids and gases. |
| What is density? | The mass in a particular volume. |
| Can the particles in liquids and gases move freely? Why? | Yes. Not dense, space between particles. |
| Is a hot liquid or gas more or less dense than a cold one? | Less. |
| Describe a convection current. | Less dense substance particles rise (Hot). More dense substance particles fall. (Cold) |
| Why doesn’t convection occur in solids? | They are too dense. Particles can’t move. |
| What happens to the particles in air when they are heated? | They Get further apart. |
| Why do birds puff up their feathers in winter? | To trap air between their feathers, as it is a good thermal insulator. Helps them stay warm. |
| Name 3 real-life uses of convection. | Hot air balloon, radiator, kettle |
| What is infrared radiation? | A type of electromagnetic radiation. |
| What temperature must a substance be in order to give infrared radiation? | > 0K |
| Can you see infrared radiation? | No |
| How do we feel infrared radiation? | We feel it as heat. |
| Can radiation travel through a vacuum? | Yes. |
| What type of heat transfer can occur through a vacuum? | Radiation only. |
| What type of surfaces are good at absorbing and emitting radiation? | Dark and Dull surfaces. |
| What type of surfaces are good at reflecting radiation? | Shiny and silver surfaces. |
| If boiling water was put in both a black flask and a silver flask, in which flask would the water cool down quickest and why? | Black flask quickest. Dark surface absorbs infrared radiation and emits it, more heat is lost. |
| How can heat be lost through the roof of a house? | Convection |
| How can you prevent heat loss in the roof of a house? | Roof insulation. Install thermal insulator between ceiling joists. |
| How can heat be lost through the walls of a house? | Convection + Conduction |
| How can you prevent heat loss through the walls of a house? | Wall insulation. Thermal insulator between wall cavities. |
| How can heat be lost through the windows of a house? | Conduction |
| How can you prevent heat loss through the windows of a house? | Double glazing. Two glass panes with air between. |
