| Define Culture | A learned and shared way of life in any society |
| Further definition | A way of life of a society that is passed on through generations and includes shared norms, values, knowledge, belief and skills. |
| Define the term high culture | Cultural products and activities that are seen to have a very high status. Seen as superior and appreciated by those with a high level of education and social upbringing. |
| What are some pastimes and pursuits of those that have high culture? | Ballet, theatre, fine art, visiting museums, classical music. |
| What do Maclntosh and Mooney argue? | That the upper class work on a system of social closure and they have the power to isolate themselves from the classes below. |
| How do the upper class work on a system of social closure? | Because high culture costs money. E.g private education, healthcare and schooling. |
| What do Marxists argue about social closure? | It is based on our capital. If we have economic, social and cultural capital then we are more able to access high culture. |
| Define Popular culture | the culture which the majority of society follow. Accessed by the masses. |
| What does Bordieu argue? | The creation of high and popular culture lies with those in power. He argues those who have powered control decide what is high and popular culture. |
| What does Adorno argue? | The masses are socialised to be preoccupied with trivial matters so distracted from social concerns. Adorno is a marxist (like Bordieu) and argues popular culture is there to distract us from more pressing social and political issues. |
| Define subculture | A subculture is a culture enjoyed by a small group within society i.e. its a minority of a majority culture. They have their own distinct Norms and values. |
| Examples of subcultures. | Punks, hippies, goths , emos |
| Which study could you use for subcultures? | Willis and the schoolboys having their own subculture of not tying hard ion school and following their fathers factory jobs. |
| What is consumer culture? | A culture related to the goods, services and products we consume and use in society. It is a global affair where goods and services are bought and sold across the world. |
| Which features did Lury (1996) identify of consumer culture? | - The availability of a wide range of consumer goods
- That shopping is seen as a leisure pursuit
- Different forms of shopping are available.
- Being in debt is accepted as a social norm
- The packaging and promotion of goods is a large scale business. |
| What does McLuhan argue that global culture is? | Global cultures the process which events in one part of the world come to influence elsewhere in the world. More interconnected socially, politically and economically. |
| What is globalisation? | Nations are no longer individual or isolated countries and people are becoming part of one large culture like a 'global village'. |
| What is an example of global culture emerging? | Americanisation |
| What are the various forces that help create global culture? Discussed by Giddens. | - Television
-A global economy
-Global citizens
- International organisations
- Electronic communications |
