| True or False: Seizures are followed by a rest period of variable length, called the postictal period. | True. |
| What does the structure of the eye include? | Eyebrows.
Eyelashes.
Lids.
Lacrimal apparatus. |
| What manufactures and drains tears to keep the eye moist and sweep away debris that may enter the eye? | Lacrimal apparatus. |
| True or False: Tears are composed of water secretions that contains salt, mucus, and bactericidal enzyme, lysozyme. | True. |
| True or False: The sclera is a thick, white, opaque structure composed of collagen fibers meshed together and is known as the white of the eye. | True. |
| True or False: The sclera gives shape to the eye and, because of its toughness, protects the intraocular structures. | True. |
| What is the central anterior portion of the sclera? | Cornea. |
| What are the four basic processes necessary to form an image? | Refraction.
Accommodation.
Constriction.
Convergence. |
| When the eye is able to bend light rays so the rays fall into the retina. | Refraction. |
| When the eye can focus on objects at various distance. It can focuses the images of an object on the retina by changing the curvature of the lens. | Accommodation. |
| The size of the pupil, which is controlled by the dilator and constrictor muscles of the iris, regulates the amount of light entering the eye. | Constriction. |
| Medical movement of both eyes allow light rays from an object to hit the same point in both retinas. | Convergence. |
| 20/20 | Distant vision. |
| Able to read the newspaper print at 14 inches. | Near vision. |
| Side vision 90 degrees from central visual axis; upward 50 degree; downward 70 degree. | Peripheral vision. |
| Coordinating eye movement bilaterally. | Eye movement. |
| Able to properly identify colors of major groups: red, blue, and green. | Color perception. |
| What do the Amsler grid doo? | Assesses for disturbances in the central vision. |
| What is the Amsler used for? | To evaluate the health of the macula, identifying condition such as macular degeneration. |
| What is used to measure the intraocular pressure by puffing air onto the surface of the open eye? | Tonometry. |
| True or False: Goldmann tonometry is an invasive study in which the eye is numbered and a cone-shaped device is used to depress the eyeball gently to assess for internal pressure. | True. |
| Defect in the curvature of the eyeball surface. | Astigmatism. |
| Condition of farsightedness. | Hyperopia. |
| Condition of nearsightedness. | Myopia. |
| Inability of the eyes to focus in the same direction; commonly referred to as being cross-eyed. | Strabismus. |
| Acquired blindness in adults occurs as a result of what disorders? | Diabetic retinopathy.
Glaucoma.
Cataracts.
Retinal degeneration.
Infections.
Tumors
Acute trauma. |
| A procedure in which first a corneal flap is folded back and then an excimer laser removed some of the internal layers of the cornea. | Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). |
| Commonly called pink eye. | Conjunctiva. |
| What are some of the causes of conjunctiva? | Bacteria or viral infections.
Allergies.
Environmental factors. |
| What immunologic disorder characterized by deficient fluid production by the lacrimal, salivary, and other glands, resulting in abnormal dryness of the mouth, eyes and other mucous membrances. | Sjogren syndrome. |
| List the following medication that causes dry eyes: | Antihistamines.
Nasal decongestants.
Tranquilizers.
Oral contraceptives.
Antidepressants. |
| The following dry eyed patient may experience: | Photosensitivity.
Eye fatigue.
Blurred vision. |
| True or False: Patient with dry eyes would complain of a sandy or gritty sensation that typically worsens during the day and is better un the morning after eye closer with sleep. | True. |
| The outward turning of the eyelid margin. | Ectropion. |
| Is an inward turning of the eyelid. | Entropion. |
| List the following cataract symptoms: | Blurred vision.
Difficulty reading fine print.
Diplopia.
Photosensitivity.
Glare.
Abnormal color perception.
Difficulty driving at night. |
| True or False: Glare is due to light scatter cause d by the lens opacities, and it may be significantly worse at night when the pupil dilates. | True. |
| True or False: The opacity can been seen in the center of the lens. | True. |
| List the following postoperative nursing intervention for a patient with cataract surgery? | Avoid moving head suddenly.
Avoid heavy lifting.
Avoid bending over.
Avoid sneezing, vomiting, coughing, and straining with elimination. |
| A disorder of retinal blood vessels characterized by capillary mircoaneurysms, hemorrhage, exudates, and the formation of new vessels and connective tissue. | Diabetic retinopathy. |
| True or False: Diabetic retinopathy occurs more frequently in patients with longstanding, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. | True. |
| Following signs and symptoms of retinal detachment: | Sudden or gradual development of flashes of light, followed by spots, a "cobweb or "hairnet," and loss of a specific field of vision. |
| True or False: Patients with retinal detachment may describe having a curtain or shade being drawn over their eye. | True. |
| True or False: Dark area may occur in any of the visual fields but typically begins in the peripheral visual field. | True. |
| True or False: The dark area my progress to include the entire visual field if the retinal detachment includes the entire retina. | True. |
| List the following nursing interventions and patient teaching for stapedectomy: | Keep patient flat with operative side facing upward.
External ear packing to ensure healing. |
| List the following interventions and patient teaching for tympanoplasty: | Bed rest.
Elevate head of bed 40 degree, and keep the operative side facing upward.
Monitor and report the presence of bleeding; the amount color, consistency of drainage; mad temperature.
Complaints of vertigo, when patients gets out of bed. |
| List some of the following patient teaching for vertigo: | Lie down immediately.
Take prescribed medications as instructed even if no recent attacks have occurred.
Rational for low-salt diet. |
| What medication is used for ear disorder? | Cefaclor (Ceclor). |
| List the following side effects of cefaclor (Ceclor): | Skin rash.
Fever.
Abdominal cramping.
Diarrhea. |
| List the following nursing implications of cefaclor (Ceclor): | Store in refrigerator.
Give full course of therapy.
Tell patient not to use alcohol.
Give on full or empty stomach.
Do not give if patient has penicillin or cephalosporin allergies. |
| True or False: Otitis media occurs more frequently in children, especially at 6 to 36 months, and in the winter and early spring. | True. |
| True or False: Children are more prone to get otitis media because their eustachian tubes are shorter and straighter and provides easier access to organism from the nasopharynx to travel to the middle ear. | True. |
| Sometimes called the swimmer's ear. | External otitis. |
| An inflammation or infection of the external canal or the auricle of the external ear. | External otitis. |
| The removal of excess vitreous fluid caused by hemorrhage and replacement of normal saline. | Vitrectomy. |
| List the following nursing interventions and patient teaching on vitrectomy: | Require patient to lay on their abdomen or sit forward, resting the nonoperative side of the head on a table; maintain position for 4 to 5 days.
Dark glasses are prescribed post-op to decrease the discomfort of photophobia. |
| Post-op care of vitrectomy includes: | Assessing the eye patch; bleeding.
Applying cold packs.
Monitor vital signs; fever. |
| True or False: Enucleation of the eye is the surgical removal of the eyeball. | True. |
| List a nursing intervention and patient teaching for enucleation: | Apply a pressure dressing over the socket of the eye to control hemorrhage. |
| True or False: During enucleation, an implant is inserted into the eye socket; allowing the patient to have a prosthetic eye fitted and place once the surgical wound has healed. | True. |
| True or False: The sensation that the person or objects are moving or spinning is referred to as vertigo. | True. |
| When communication with a patient with impaired hearing: | Ask permission to turn off or down tv or radio.
Face the patient when speaking.
Speak clearly and in normal tone.
Write out proper names or any statements that you are nor sure was understood. |
| True or False: one important complication of spinal cord injury is autonomic dysreflexia or hyperreflexia. | True. |
| True or False: Dysreflexia or hyperreflexia is a neurologic condition characterized by increased reflex actions. | True. |
| True or False: Dysreflexia and hyperreflexia occurs in patients with cord injuries at the sixth thoracic vertebra or higher and most commonly in patients with cervical injuries. | True. |
| Objective data from a head trauma include: | Racoon eyes.
Rhinorrhea (nasal discharge).
Battle's signs (postauricular ecchymosis).
Otorrhea (discharge from the ear). |
| What are the clinical manifestations of meningitis? | Kernig's sign (inability to extend legs completely without extreme pain).
Brudzinski's sign. (flexion of the him and knee when the neck is flexed). |
| True or False: The onset of meningitis is usually sudden and is characterized by severe headache, stiffness of the neck, irritability, malaise, and restlessness. | True. |
| List the following sign and symptoms of meningitis: | Nausea and vomiting.
Delirium.
Increased temperature, pulse rate, respirations. |
| List the following clinical manifestations of bell's palsy (Peripheral facial paralysis): | Numbness.
Stiffness or drawing sensation of the face.
Unilateral weakness of the facial muscles.
Loss of taste.
Altered chewing ablilty, reduction of saliva on the affected side, pain being the ear on the affected side, and ringing in the ear or other hearing loss.
Face appears asymmetric, with drooping mouth and neck. |
| True or False: The most frequent long-term disabilities of a stroke include hemiparesis, inability to ambulate, aphasia, depression, and complete or partial dependence in ADLs. | True. |
| Nursing interventions for stroke patients include: | Thicken liquids.
Do not use straw. |
| True or False: Research indicates the select of patients with acute ischemic stroke can benefit form thrombolytics such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, alteplase [Activase]). | True |
| True or False: Patients who are treated within 3 hours of onset of symptoms are at least 30% more likely than patients who do not receive timely treatment to recover with little or no disability after 3 months. | True. |
| True or False: A TIA (transient ischemic attack) should be considered a forerunner of a stroke. | True. |
| List the following clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis: | Visual problems.
Urinary incontinence.
Fatigue.
Weakness or incoordination of an extremity.
Sexual problem such as impotence in men, and swelling difficulties. |
| True or False: The majority of the people that have early remissions of multiple sclerosis may last for a year or more. | True. |
| List the following nursing intervention for patients with seizures: | Provide privacy.
Maintain patient airway.
Place patient in side-lying to position to prevent aspiration. |
| True or False: Seizures are followed by a rest period of variable length, called the postictal period. | True. |
| List the following structural divisons: | Central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system.
Somatic nervous system.
Autonomic nervous system. |
| True or False: If the use of contrast medium is anticipated, document and report to the health care provider any history of iodine and seafood. | True. |
| True or False: Iodine is present in the contrast meduim. | True. |
| List the following therapeutic measures to reduce venous volume: | Elevate the head of the bed to 30 to 45 degrees.
Place neck in neutral position.
Restrict fluid intake. |
| Most common seizure; loss of consciousness and falling on the floor or ground; stiffening of the body for (tonic phase) 10-20 seconds and subsequent jerking of the extremities (clonic phase) for another 30-40 seconds. | Generalized Tonic-Clonic (Formerly Called Grand Mal). |
| Occurs during childhood and adolescence; sudden impairment in or loss of consciousness with little or no tonic-clonic movement; occurs without warning. | Absence (Formally Called Petit Mal). |
| Eye response (E). | Eyelids are open or opened, tracking or blinking to command. |
| Brainstem relflexes (B) | Pupil and corneal reflexes present. |
| Motor response (M) | Thumbs ups, fist or peace sign, to command. |
| Respirations (R) | Not intubated, regular breathing pattern. |
| Cranial nerve I Olfactory | Sense of smell |
| Cranial nerve II Optic | Vision |
| Cranial nerve III Oculomotor | Eye movements, extraocular muscles, pupillary control. |
| Cranial nerve IV Trochlear | Down and upward movement of the eye. |
| Cranial nerve V Trigeminal | Sensation of face, scalp, and teeth; chewing movements. |
| Cranial nerve VII Facial | Sense of taste on anterior two-thirds of the tongue; contractions of muscles of facial expression. |
| Cranial nerve VIII Acoustic | Hearing; sense of balance. |
| Cranial nerve IX Glossopharyngeal | Senstation of the throat, taste, swallowing movements, gag reflex, sense of taste on the posterior one third of the tongue, secretion of saliva. |
| Cranial nerve X Vagus | Sensation of the throat, larynx and thoracic and abdominal organs; swallowing, voice production slowing of the heartbeat acceleration of peristalsis. |
| Cranial nerve Spinal Accessory | Shoulder movements. |
| Cranial nerve Hypoglossal | Tongue movements. |
| What does tympanoplasty correct? | Conductive hearing loss. |
| True or False: Phacoemulsification uses ultrasound to break up the cataract. | True. |
| True or False difficulty driving at night is of then the first subjective symptom reported by a patient who has cataracts. | True. |
| True or False: Retinopathy is caused when capillaries in the retina have aneurysms or hemorrhage. | True |
| True or False: A person with a conductive loss will hear the noise louder in their affected ear. | True. |
