| Also known as DIAGONAL ELEMENTS
First member of the family can be quite unlike the other members
It more closely resembles the 2nd member of the adjacent group to the right | Bridge Elements |
| High density
Precipitate protein | HEAVY METALS |
| also known as the COINAGE METALS
Form complexes/ Chelates
Occur free in the metallic state
Easy to recover from ores
Very malleable | GROUP 1B |
| Aka Cuprum
Toxic
Essential trace element
Use: Protein precipitant, Small quantity enhance the physiological utilization of Fe | COPPER (Cu) |
| Toxic
Essential trace element | COPPER (Cu) |
| Only reddish colored metal
3rd most malleable, 3rd best conductor of electricity | COPPER (Cu) |
| In a Nonluminous flame- blue/green color
( Bismuth, Arsenic, Lead, Antimony, Copper {BALAC}) | Copper |
| Occurs in the respiratory pigment hemocyanin and Cytochrome oxidase | COPPER (Cu) |
| 2 important alloys: | Brass: Cu + Zn
Bronze: Cu + Sn
Gun metal: 90% Cu + 10% Tin
Sterling silver: 7.5% Cu + 92.5% Silver |
| Copper poisoning | WILSON’S DISEASE |
| Antidote to Copper poisoning (Wilson's Disease) | PENICILLAMINE |
| “Blue vitriol, Blue Stone”
Used in preparation of Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, and Fehling’s Solution
+ iron: increase hematinic activity
Component of BORDEAUX MIXTURE (an algicide/ fungicide in swimming pools) | Copper Sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) |
| preparation of Benedict’s, Barfoed’s, and Fehling’s Solution | A – contain CuSO4
B – contain NaOH, KNaC4H4O6) |
| Antidote for Phosphorus poisoning | Copper sulfate |
| Contains Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) and Calcium oxide (CaO) | Bordeaux Mixture |
| “Paris Green, Vienna, Imperial, Parrot”
Insecticide | Copper Acetoarsenate [Cu3(AsO3)2.Cu(C2H3O2)2] |
| use: astringent in 8% concentrations | Copper citrate (Cu)3(C6H5O7)3- |
| 'Scheele's green' | Cupric Hydrogen Arsenite: |
| aka: Argentum, Shining bright
Oligodynamic action
Provide local germicidal action | SILVER (Ag) |
| ability of Ag to precipitate CHON & Cl- in the affected tissue | Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) |
| 2nd most malleable metal
2nd best conductor of electricity | SILVER (Ag) |
| Darkening of the skin due to chronic use of Ag | Argyria |
| Silver (Ag) poisoning (bluish gray) | Argyria |
| large concentration: irritant
↑↑concentration : corrosive | Silver (Ag) |
| Argyria antidote | Normal Saline Solution (NSS) |
| topically as germicide | Silver (Ag) Sulfadiazine |
| cast into sticks and used as styptics | Toughened AgNO3 |
| ophthalmology | Mild Ag CHON |
| “Lunar Caustic, Lapiz Infernulariz, Soluble Salt, Caustic Salt, Indelible Ink, Caustic pencil” | Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) |
| Uses of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) | Removal of warts
Eyewash for newly born babies of mother with gonorhea(ophthalmia neonatorum)
5% wetdressing for burns (3rd degree)- reduces fluid evap and heat loss |
| Howe’s Solution” | Ammoniated Silver Nitrate Ag(NH3)2NO3 |
| Ingredient of Tollen’s Reagent
Dental protective- mixed with reducing agent (10% formaldehyde or eugenol)
deposit metallic silver on teeth | Ammoniated Silver Nitrate |
| insoluble
- Germicide, Disinfectant, Poisonous | Silver Iodide (AgI) |
| not less than 19% and not more than 23%
Antiseptic for the eyes (gonococcal infection of the eye) | Mild Silver Proteinate (ARGYROL) |
| 7.5% to 8.5%
- Antiseptic for the ears, nose and throat | Strong Silver Protein (PROTARGOL) |
| 18 -22%
General germicide
Mild antiseptic
2% irrigate sinuses
50% female genital | Colloidal Silver Protein (COLLARGOL) |
| Autooxidation
Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis | GOLD (Au) |
| Antidote for Gold (Au) toxicity | DIMERCAPROL (BAL) |
| “Aurum, Shining dawn”
“King of all metals” – Very soft metal
Most malleable and ductile; Best conductor of electricity
Most inactive and permanent metals
S/E: Contact Dermatitis | Gold (Au) |
| Treatment of Gout and RA | Gold Sodium Thiomaleate (IM) |
| inflammation of the tongue | Glossities |
| Used to dissolve Au | Selenic Acid
Aqua Regia or Royal Water – 3 HCl + 1 HNO3 |
| Pigment containing Gold and Stannic Acid | Purple of Cassius |
| white precipitate | AgCl |
| cream precipitate | AgBr |
| yellow precipitate | AgI
Ag3PO4 |
| brown precipitate | Ag3AsO4 |
| red precipitate | AgCrO4 |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | Group IIA |
| Exposure to dust / fumes of metallic beryllium | Berylliosis
Acute: Severe pulmonary edema
Chronic: Fibrosis |
| Lightest of all structurally important metals
Chlorophyll component (use ACETONE to isolate)
Compound of grignard's reagent (synthesize alcohol) | Magnesium |
| 2nd most abundant intracellular cation | Magnesium |
| Natural Sources of Magnesium as silicates | (talc, asbestos) |
| Natural Sources of Magnesium as carbonates | (magnesite, dolomite) |
| Natural Sources of Magnesium as sulfates | (keiserite) |
| Aka: Magnesia, Magnesia Alba ( if with MgOH)
Uses: Antacid, Laxative | Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) |
| Aka: Milk of magnesia, Magnesia magma
Uses: Antacid, Laxative | Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 |
| Aka: Calcined magnesia, magnesia, Light magnesia
Uses: Laxative,
Antacid,
Component of universal antidote ( 2parts of Activated charcoal, 1 part Tannic acid, 1 part MgO) | Magnesium Oxide (MgO) |
| Aka: Epsom Salt, Bitter Salt ( refrigerate, old water or orange juice)
Uses: Cathartic (po), Anticonvulsant (IM) [eclapmsia], antidote for Ba toxicity and barbiturates | Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) |
| Aka: Talc, Soapstone, French chalk, Steatite
Softest mineral
Uses: Filtering agent, Clarifying agent, Dusting powder | Hydrated Magnesium Silicate |
| Aka: Lemonada purganti, purgative lemon
Use as cathartic | Magnesium Citrate Mg3(C6H5O7) |
| Magnesium compound
Use: antacid, ulcer, hyperacidity | Magnesium Trisillicate = 2MgO.3SiO2.nH2O |
