| What are 3 properties of metals? | Malleable, conductors, high melting and boiling point |
| What forms when a metal and oxygen react? | metal oxide |
| What happens when metal and water react? | metal hydroxide and hydrogen |
| Are metal oxides acid or alkaline? | Alkaline |
| What happens when a metal and acid react? | Salt and hydrogen |
| Which metals are extracted using electrolysis? | K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al |
| Which metals are extracted by heating with carbon? | Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb |
| Which metals are extracted by heating? | Cu, Hg, Ag, Au |
| Which metals react with water to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen? | K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al |
| Which metals react with an acid to produce a salt and hydrogen? | Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb |
| Which metals react with oxygen to produce a metal oxide? | Cu, Hg, Ag, Au |
| Can metals in the reactivity series from copper and below react with acid? | No |
| How are the least reactive metals extracted? | Heating alone |
| How are the most reactive metals extracted? | Electrolysis |
| OIL | Oxidation Is Loss of electrons |
| RIG | Reduction Is Gain of electrons |
| What are oxidation and reduction? | Two halves of the same chemical reaction called redox reaction |
| How is a simple (electrochemical) cell made? | By placing two metals in an electrolyte |
| What is a electrolyte? | A conducting solution containing ions |
| What happens when metals are further apart in the electrochemical cell? | The greater the voltage produced |
| How are metals arranged in the reactivity series? | By their different voltages |
| What is in an electrochemical cell? | Salt/ion bridge |
| Whatv is the purpose of an salt/ion bridge? | To complete the circuit |
| Why is graphite rods an alternative to metals? | Cheaper and also conducts electricity |
| What are plastics? | Synthetic materials made of long chain molecules called polymers |
| What is polmerisation? | Monomers joining together to form polymers |
| What is an monomer? | Alkene or alkane |
| What is a repeating unit? | A sequence of atoms that repeat in the polymer chain |
| What is a co-polymer? | Has more than 1 monomer |
| What are the main compounds in fertilisers/essential nutrient elements? | N P K |
| What must fertilers be to absorb into plant roots? | Soluble |
| How is ammonium gas prepared? | By heating ammonium salts with an alkali |
| What are 2 properties of ammonium? | Colourless gas, very soluble |
| What is the Haber process? | When nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen to make ammonia |
| How is the Haber process sped up? | Using an iron catalyst |
| What is the Ostwald process? | Uses ammonia, oxygen and water to produce nitric acid |
| How is the Ostwald process sped up? | Using a platinum catalyst |
| What is metallic bonding? | The attraction between delocalised electrons and positively charged ions |
| What are ALPHA particles? | Helium nuclei which consist of two protons and two neutrons |
| What happens when an atom loses an alpha particle? | It's atomic number decreases by 2 and its mass number by 4 |
| What is BETA radiation? | The high energy electrons are ejected from the nucleus |
| What happens when an atom loses its beta particle? | It's atomic number increases by 1 and its mass number does not change |
| What happens in gamma decay? | An electromagnetic wave is emitted |
| What happens when a gamma particle is emitted? | There is no change to the atomic or mass number |
| How can alpha particles be stopped? | A sheet of paper |
| How can beta particles be stopped? | 3mm of aluminium |
| How can gamma radiation be stopped? | 3cm of lead |
| What happens when a nucleus is without electrons? | It is positive |
| What is the half life of a radioisotope? | The time it takes for its activity or mass to halve |
| What is the use of radioisotopes in medicine? | Cobalt-60 used in radiotherapy |
| What is the use of radioisotpes in industry? | Phosphorus-32 used for fertilisers |
| What is the use of radioisotopes to date materials? | Carbon-4 used to determine the age of substances |
| What are flame tests used for? | To identify which metals are present in a sample |
| What is chromatography used for? | To separate mixtures of soluble compounds such as ink and dyes |
| How can you tell how soluble a compund is using chromotagraphy paper? | The higher the ink rises up the more soluble it is |
| What is titration used for? | Accurately calculating an unknown concentration |
| Why is indicator used in titration? | To show when the end point is near |
| What are concoradant volumes? | Titre volumes within 2cm cubed |
| What are salts? | Compounds where the hydrogen ion (H+) from the acid has been replaced by a positive ion (Ametal ion or ammonia) |
