| What is Kernig,s sign, how do we perform it? | the thigh is flexed at hip joint and kne joint making a 90 degree angle, then the leg is extended, if pain is present the sign is positive, sign of meningitis |
| What are the purposes of deep palapation of abdomen, describe the result of deep palpation assuming that no abnormalities are found | enlarged liver
enlarged spleen
if there is pain
pathological masses |
| What are the signs of appendicitis, how do we perform them? | Pain in McBurneys point
Jaworski sign (lift the right leg and press the McBurneys point, pain should be felt at the point when the leg goes down)
Blumberg sign (we press the skin and violantly releasy the pressure, pain is felt if appendicitis or peritonitis)
Rovsing sign (we push on left ileac area antiperistatcally ) |
| Which meningeal signs are manifested by flexion of knees, demonstrate them | Upper and lower Brudzinsky |
| Which meniningeal signs are checked when the patients neck is flexed | Upper brudzinsky
Flatau sign
Neck stiffness |
| What is Kernig,s sign, how do we perform it? | the thigh is flexed at hip joint and kne joint making a 90 degree angle, then the leg is extended, if pain is present the sign is positive, sign of meningitis |
| 6. What abnormalities upon physical examination are found in, describe the signs- how do we perform them
a) mechanical ileus
b) peritonitis
c) cholecystitis
d) kidney stones | a) mechanical ileus (no peristalsis during auscultation of abdomen)
b) peritonitis (positive blumberg sign)
c) cholecystitis (positive Chelmonski sign)
d) kidney stone (positive Goldflam sign) |
| 7. What elements of neurological examination are assessed
a) in general part of physical examination,
b) in head examination, which cranial nerves are | a) in general part of physical examination (muscle tone, )
b) in head examination, which cranial nerves are (facial, abducens, trochlear, oculomotor, trigeminal, ) |
| What is Chvostek and Trousseau's Sign ? | Chvostek: strikingtrunks of 7th cranal nerve makes all facial expression mm. contract, occult tetany sign
Trousseau: squeezing forearm makes the hand go into obstetric hand, occult tetany sign |
